A facile route to grain morphology controllable perovskite thin films towards highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Μethylammonium Chloride: A Key Additive for Highly Efficient, Stable, and Up‐Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…With these properties in hand, very homogenous films with large grains (600 $ 2400 nm), deposited on substrates of various sizes, could be obtained (Figure 10a). [95] The results of Kai Zhu's group on doctor-blade coating were further verified for 5% MACl-excessive Cs 0.02 MA 0.6 FA 0.38 PbI 2.975 Br 0.025 perovskites which could afford stabilized PCEs of 19.3%. Even more importantly, a 13.3% stabilized active-area efficiency output could be attained for a 12.6 cm 2 four-cell module (Figure 10b).…”

Grain Enlargement and Defect Passivation with Melamine Additives for High Efficiency and Stable CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Ac hampion power conversion efficiency as high as 9.65 %w ith ap romising open-circuit voltage of 1.584 Vi sa chieved for PSCs with an architecture of fluorinedoped tin oxide/c-TiO 2 /m-TiO 2 /melamine-addedC sPbBr 3 / carbon-based hole-transporting layer.F urthermore, the unencapsulated melamine-added CsPbBr 3 PSC shows superior thermal and humidity stabilityi na mbient air at 85 8Co r8 5% relative humidity over 720 h. functional additives into the precursor solution to obtain highquality perovskite films thougha djusting the crystallization dynamics and simultaneously to realize the passivationo fu ncoordinated ion defects. [15,16] Avariety of chemical additives, such as polymers, [15] ionic liquids, [17,18] inorganic or ammonium salts, [19,20] and nanoparticles [21] have been used as additives to achieve high-quality perovskite film synthesis. But the use of most additives is relativelym onotonous, for instance, the addition of Lewis acid or base, such as fullerene and its derivatives, [22,23] trioctylphosphine oxide, [24] poly(4-vinylpyridine), [25] can produce aL ewis adduct by opportunely coordinating with the harmful ionic defects, but cannot form ah igh-qualityf ilm morphology with large crystal grains by regulating the crystal growth process.…”

Photovoltaic Characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Added with Ethylammonium Bromide and Formamidinium Iodide

“…EA has a larger ionic radius (2.74 Å) than that of MA (2.17 Å), and the addition of EA can be expected to improve stability from the viewpoint of calculations [25,27] and tolerance factor [1]. In addition, there is a report that the thermal stability and crystallinity are higher than those of MA, and the addition of EA to the perovskites showed a surface coating with fewer defects and improves the stability of the device [23,28]. However, it should be noted that excessive addition of EA leads to phase separation, a decrease in crystallinity, and precipitation of PbI 2 as an impurity [29,30].…”

“…By adding FA and EA, surface defects of the perovskite layer decreased, and the photoelectric parameters were improved. In addition, the highly (100) crystal orientations and device stabilities were improved by the EA and FA addition.Coatings 2020, 10, 410 2 of 10 promote the crystal growth and improve the stability of the device [23,28], and there are few reports on simultaneous addition of FA and EA to the perovskite layer. The effects of the simultaneous addition to the perovskite compounds were analyzed by microstructural and photovoltaic characterization.…”

“…Coatings 2020, 10, 410 2 of 10 promote the crystal growth and improve the stability of the device [23,28], and there are few reports on simultaneous addition of FA and EA to the perovskite layer. The effects of the simultaneous addition to the perovskite compounds were analyzed by microstructural and photovoltaic characterization.…”