A facile single‐step approach to achieve in situ expanded g‐C₃N₄ for improved photodegradation performance

Abstract

Improved graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was synthesized through a unique one‐step cost‐effective technique involving a dynamic gas bubbling phenomenon using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a bubbling agent. An extensive investigation was carried out to optimize the weight ratio of NH4Cl and melamine during the thermal pyrolysis process. Here, we report an improved form of g‐C3N4 namely “expanded g‐C3N4” with increased interlayer distance and remarkable volume expansion. The surface area of this improved version has notably increased leading to higher photocatalytic efficiency as compared with its counterpart, an synthesized without adding NH4Cl. Synthesized photocatalyst materials were further used to study the Rhodamine B photodegradation under visible light. It was observed that the expanded g‐C3N4 showed a 2.4 times higher photodegradation rate than its counterpart and degraded 94% of the dye in just 30 min.

CdS Deposited In Situ on g-C3N4 via a Modified Chemical Bath Deposition Method to Improve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…Figure 4b shows the C1s spectrum, which was fitted using Gaussian functions to analyze the types and quantities of functional groups present in the sample. In g-C 3 N 4 , the C1s core-level spectra consisted of four peaks located at 284.8, 286.3, 288.2, and 293.6 eV, which could be attributed to C=C, N≡C-groups [38], N-C=N in typical s-triazine rings [39], and the carbon attached to uncondensed -NH 2 groups [40], respectively. The strength of the N-C=N bond gradually weakened, which was attributed to the increasing concentration of CdS.…”

Engineering of novel g-C3N4 photocatalyst using arc-discharge synthesized sphere-like carbon nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic activity

“…The material-loaded crucible was pyrolyzed at 650°C for 2 hours at a very slow heating rate. A detailed explanation of the synthesis procedure is reported in our previous work [15]. Simultaneously, the carbon soot nanoparticles (CS) were prepared via arc discharge technique under optimized pressure and voltage conditions as reported in our earlier work [].…”

Bifunctional Hot Water Vapor Template-Mediated Synthesis of Nanostructured Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

“…The other method uses extra chemical reagents as dynamic gas-bubble templates. To date, specific types of chemical reagents, including NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 and sublimed sulfur, were intensely used as dynamic gas-bubble templates to promote the formation of nanostructured PCN [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. During high-temperature calcining, the above chemical reagents can thermally decompose into a large number of gases as dynamic bubble templates, whose emissions induce the porous nanostructure in the PCN.…”