A Facile Synthesis Procedure for Sulfonated Aniline Oligomers with Distinct Microstructures

Karunagaran, Ramesh; Coghlan, Campbell J.; Tran, Diana; Tùng, Trần Thanh; Burgun, Aléxandre; Doonan, Christian J.; Lošić, Dušan

doi:10.3390/ma11091755

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The FTIR spectrum of the SAO is shown in Figure 1 A and shows distinct peaks at 609, 1046, 1406 and 3025 cm −1 . The peak at 609 cm −1 corresponds to the vibration modes of the C-S bond [ 35 , 41 ]. The peak at 1046 cm −1 is ascribed to the characteristic peak of S=O stretching vibration mode of sulphonic groups linked to the benzene ring [ 35 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This clearly shows the presence of sulphonic groups in SAO. The peaks at 1406 and 3025 cm −1 correspond to the symmetrical stretching of phenazine heterocyclic rings and C-H aromatic stretching vibrations, respectively [ 35 , 42 ]. The XRD diffractogram of SAO ( Figure 1 B) shows an intense peak at 2θ = 6.4°, which is the characteristic peak for periodically aligned lamella of SAO chains [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAO was synthesised using a previously published method [ 35 ]. Aniline (5 mL, 5.19 g, 0.05 mol) was dissolved in 40 mL of ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a base material that incorporates aromatic sulphonic acid, such as sulphonated aniline oligomers (SAOs), may enable effective MCM production. SAOs are readily synthesised using excess aniline and oxidising agent, ammonium persulphate, in an acidic medium [ 35 ]. The monomer units rearrange to form sulfonated ortho semidine and para semidine with a sulphonic group (SO 3 H) attached to the aromatic ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unique Synthesis of Macroporous N-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2020

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Macroporous carbon materials (MCMs) are used extensively for many electrocatalytic applications, particularly as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)—for example, in fuel cells. However, complex processes are currently required for synthesis of MCMs. We present a rapid and facile synthetic approach to produce tailored MCMs efficiently via pyrolysis of sulfonated aniline oligomers (SAOs). Thermal decomposition of SAO releases SO2 gas which acts as a blowing agent to form the macroporous structures. This process was used to synthesise three specifically tailored nitrogen (N)-doped MCM catalysts: N-SAO, N-SAO (phenol formaldehyde) (PF) and N-SAO-reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of macropores (100–350 µm). Investigation of ORR efficacy showed that N-SAOPF performed with the highest onset potential of 0.98 V (vs. RHE) and N-SAOrGO showed the highest limiting current density of 7.89 mAcm−2. The macroporous structure and ORR efficacy of the MCM catalysts synthesised using this novel process suggest that this method can be used to streamline MCM production while enabling the formation of composite materials that can be tailored for greater efficiency in many applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAO was synthesised using a previously published method [ 35 ]. Aniline (5 mL, 5.19 g, 0.05 mol) was dissolved in 40 mL of ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unique Synthesis of Macroporous N-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2020

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“…The electrodes were then immersed into the aniline solution for 60 s for the surface polymerization of PANI on the particulate ZnS film/ZnO NR. Subsequently, the electrodes were immersed in the ammonium persulfate solution for 30 s [25] [26].…”

Section: Pani Sensitizer Coating On Particulate Zns Film/zno Nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterojunction Photoelectrode of Polyaniline/ZnS Film/ZnO Nanorod on FTO Glass

Kim¹,

Yang²

2019

MSA

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Results of publication (only one response allowed): X are still valid.  were found to be overall invalid. Author's conduct (only one response allowed):  honest error  academic misconduct X none (not applicable in this case-e.g. in case of editorial reasons) * Also called duplicate or repetitive publication. Definition: "Publishing or attempting to publish substantially the same work more than once." History Expression of Concern:  yes, date: yyyy-mm-dd X no Correction:  yes, date: yyyy-mm-dd X no Comment: This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.

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Tuning the Assembly Process of Polyaniline Nanofibers by Adjusting the Acidic Nature and Solution Acidity toward Enhancing Electrochemical Charge Storage

Qin

Zhao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Having easy control of the morphology and structure as well as large-scale production, seed polymerization has exhibited great potential to fabricate polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers as high-performance electrode materials for the supercapacitors. Herein the self-assembly of oligomer seeds was first constructed by chemical oxidation of aniline in a dilution solution by regulating the acidity and especially the nature of inorganic acids including hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and then the successive growth of PANI nanofibers was carried out at high aniline concentration in a HCl solution. It was found that the charge-storage ability of PANI nanofibers can be greatly affected by the nanofibrous morphology and chain orientation that are more strongly related to the self-assembly behavior of nanofibrous oligomers as the seeds. It is found that the nature and acidity of inorganic acids have only a slight influence on the morphology, but a significant change occurred in the structure of the resulting PANI nanofibers. Especially, the nanofibers prepared by using the seeds in a HCl solution with a pH value of 3 possess a maximum specific capacitance of 504 F·g–1 at a current density of 1 A·g–1, holding a capacitance retention value of 90% within the range of the current density from 1 to 10 A·g–1. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor with a sandwich structure was assembled that could deliver a maximum energy density of 17.8 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 416.1 W·kg–1, accompanied by a capacitance retention value of 70.2% after 2000 cycles. Small-diameter and highly oriented chains as well as high conductivity are in favor of fast penetration of an electrolyte and ion diffusion along with a shortening of the charge-transfer distance, which could contribute to the strong charge-storage ability of PANI nanofibers.

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A Facile Synthesis Procedure for Sulfonated Aniline Oligomers with Distinct Microstructures

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

A Unique Synthesis of Macroporous N-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A Unique Synthesis of Macroporous N-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Heterojunction Photoelectrode of Polyaniline/ZnS Film/ZnO Nanorod on FTO Glass

Tuning the Assembly Process of Polyaniline Nanofibers by Adjusting the Acidic Nature and Solution Acidity toward Enhancing Electrochemical Charge Storage

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