A Factor(s) from a Rat Trophoblast Cell Line Inhibits Prolactin Secretion in Vitro and in Vivo1

Tomogane, Hiroshi; Arbogast, Lydia A.; Soares, Michael J.; Robertson, May C.; Voogt, James L.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod48.2.325

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…DA is another neurotransmitter that may be produced by the placenta where it can induce direct effects through various DA receptors, including D1 and D2 receptors (Ben‐Jonathan & Munsick, 1980; Kim et al, 1997; Kim, Koh, Kang, Paik, & Choi, 2001; Mao et al, 2020; Tomogane, Arbogast, Soares, Robertson, & Voogt, 1993; Vaillancourt et al, 1994; Zhu, Zhang, Chen, Liu, & Guo, 2002). Several lines of evidence support the placenta as a dopaminergic/adrenergic organ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rosenfeld

2020

J of Neuroscience Research

154

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All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long‐standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta‐brain‐axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental‐specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental‐brain‐axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rosenfeld

2020

J of Neuroscience Research

154

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“…A role for the PLs in the regulation of tuberoinfundibular function is suggested by three lines of evidence: first, the rise in maternal rPL-I concentrations at mid-gestation coincides with a sus¬ tained increase in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic activity and a consequent fall in pituitary prolactin secretion (Voogt et al 1982;Tonkowicz & Voogt, 1983;Arbogast & Voogt, 1991); secondly, hysterec¬ tomy of pregnant rats on days 11 or 12 of gestation triggers the resumption of pituitary prolactin surges (Voogt, 1980); and thirdly, the intraventricular ad¬ ministration of hPL or of culture media containing rPL-I stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity in tu¬ beroinfundibular neurones and suppresses circulating prolactin levels (Voogt, 1980;Demarest et al 1983;Voogt & DeGreef, 1989). The effect of rPL-I on prolactin secretion in vivo may be exerted at the level of the hypothalamus because purified rPL-I has no effect on prolactin secretion in isolated rat pituitary cells (Tomogane et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat placental lactogen-I binds to the choroid plexus and hypothalamus of the pregnant rat

Pihoker

Robertson²,

Freemark³

1993

Journal of Endocrinology

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Recent findings suggest that placental lactogen has a role in the regulation of hypothalamic function during pregnancy. To explore the mechanisms by which placental hormones may exert effects in the maternal central nervous system, we have examined the binding of rat placental lactogen-I (rPL-I) to brain slices from pregnant rats at mid- and late gestation. The binding of rPL-I to maternal rat brain was compared with that of human GH (hGH). Radiolabelled rPL-I bound specifically to ependymal cells of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles and in the roof of the third ventricle. The binding of 125I-labelled rPL-I was inhibited by unlabelled rPL-I, hGH or rat prolactin but not by rat GH, indicating that rPL-I and rat prolactin interact with a common binding site in maternal rat brain. Radiolabelled hGH bound to the choroid plexus and to ependymal cells lining the third ventricle in the region of the arcuate nucleus. In addition, hGH bound specifically to the ventromedial nuclei and to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The binding of radiolabelled hGH to all brain regions was inhibited by unlabelled rPL-I as well as hGH, indicating that rPL-I competes for lactogenic binding sites in the hypothalamus as well as the choroid plexus of the pregnant rat. These findings suggest potential mechanisms by which placental hormones may exert direct effects on the maternal central nervous system during pregnancy. The precise functions and roles of the PL-I binding sites in maternal choroid plexus and hypothalamus remain to be explored.

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“…Twice-daily (diurnal and nocturnal) surges of pituitary PRL act as principal luteotropic signals to form and activate the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. After the implantation of embryos, twice-daily PRL surges are inhibited by PL-I produced by the trophoblast, and PRL secretion remains at a nadir until shortly before parturition 63 . Trophoblast-derived PL-I takes over from pituitary PRL in mid-pregnancy, while PL-II also takes over from PL-I in late pregnancy.…”

Section: Biological Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Placental Proteins in Domestic Ruminants: Expression, Proposed Roles and Practical Applications

Takahashi¹,

Hayashi²,

Hosoe³

2013

JARQ

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The female of the viviparous species gives birth to offspring capable of surviving outside the dam following a distinct gestation period. Except for monotremata, most mammals are viviparous species. Mammalian embryos dramatically develop throughout gestation in the maternal uterus and in cows in particular, life begins at fertilization at 0.2 mm in diameter, and thereafter the fetal instantaneous growth rate peaks at 350 g/day around day 220 of gestation and the fetal body weight reaches more than 35 kg at birth 43 . The fetus requires large quantities of oxygen and nutrients that cannot be sufficiently supplied by simple diffusion from the maternal endometrium. To maintain the massive fetal growth, the pregnant female forms a placenta as a lodgment for logistics between the dam and fetus. Maternal supplies come via the maternal blood, are absorbed by the placenta and then carried by the fetal blood to reach the target tissues.The gross appearance of the placenta or afterbirth varies considerably among species, such as in ruminants where the afterbirth has multiple cotyledons on the chorion, whereas other domestic species like the mare and sow form a diffused placenta consisting of a simple and diffused apposition between the fetal trophoblast and the maternal endometrium. Ruminant cotyledonary villi interdigitate to specialized projections of the caruncular tissues AbstractThe placenta, a lodgment at the feto-maternal interface, is a temporal organ that plays crucial roles in maintaining gestation and fetal development. To achieve these purposes, the placenta produces an array of proteins with distinct spatio-temporal characteristics. In this review, the authors focus on the paralog families of prolactin (PRL) and aspartic proteinase, exclusively produced by the placenta, and discuss their biological roles and practical significance in animal husbandry. The bovine placental PRL family consists of one classical member and at least ten non-classical members. Bovine placental lactogen (PL) is a unique classical member due to its lactogenic activity and potentially involved in partitioning nutrients to maintain fetal development. In contrast, the biological roles of non-classical members in bovine placental PRL family proteins remain unclear. Recent papers have reported that a non-classical member protein named prolactin-related protein -I (PRP-I) exhibited angiogenic activity following C-terminal cleavage by proteolytic enzymes. These results suggest that non-classical members of the placental PRL family exert their biological activities via specific mechanisms other than the PRL receptor-signaling pathway. The bovine genome contains a hundred or more aspartic proteinase-like genes and at least 22 mRNAs with close structural relationships are transcribed in the placenta. These molecules correspond to pregnancy-specific protein (PSP)-B, PSP-60 and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) as reported previously. The true character of PSPs and PAG is thought to be a mixture of placental aspartic proteinase-like prote...

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A Factor(s) from a Rat Trophoblast Cell Line Inhibits Prolactin Secretion in Vitro and in Vivo1

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

The placenta‐brain‐axis

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rat placental lactogen-I binds to the choroid plexus and hypothalamus of the pregnant rat

Biology of the Placental Proteins in Domestic Ruminants: Expression, Proposed Roles and Practical Applications

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