A Factor Structure within Misophonia: The Sussex Misophonia Scale for researchers and clinicians

Rinaldi, Louisa J.; Ward, Jamie; Simner, Julia

doi:10.31234/osf.io/5eb39

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Physical reactions or symptoms are clustered within this domain since physical symptoms are part of the emotional misophonic response (i.e., autonomic stress response or emotional arousal; e.g., Edelstein et al, 2013 ). Although it has been shown that physical symptoms can be modelled as a separate misophonic factor (e.g., Dibb et al, 2021 ; Rinaldi et al, 2021 ), we do not see the benefit in separating physical reactions from the domain emotional experiences.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…Principally, we expect that misophonic symptoms, regardless of their proposed symptom domain, are significantly positively associated with each other. This is based on the understanding that these symptoms together constitute the higher-order construct of misophonia and are hence naturally associated with each other, which is widely empirically supported (e.g., Rinaldi et al, 2021 ; Rosenthal et al, 2021 ; Vitoratou et al, 2021a , b , 2022a , b ; Remmert et al, 2022 ). Moreover, misophonic symptoms within the proposed symptom domains are expected to be strongly associated since they are identified on account of sharing common characteristics and functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia

et al. 2022

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The Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome Scale (S-Five) is a contemporary and multidimensional self-report instrument measuring different aspects of misophonia. The five-factor scale consists of 25 items measuring the severity of the misophonic experience. The items capture misophonia in relation to internalising and externalising appraisals, perceived threat, aggressive behavior (outbursts), and adverse impact on individuals’ lives. It is complemented by a trigger checklist (S-Five-T), measuring the emotional nature and intensity of reactions to sensory triggers. In this work, we administered the S-Five in two German samples with a majority of individuals with significant misophonia. The S-Five and the supplementary S-Five-T were both translated into German using a rigorous translation procedure (i.e., TRAPD) and were separately tested in large German community samples. Psychometric analyses included the evaluation of the factor structure, measurement invariance with respect to age and gender, reliability (internal consistency and stability over time), and an extensive examination of the construct validity in a proposed nomological network. The nomological network we explore in this work consists of several constructs including different misophonic manifestations, anger and aggression, disgust propensity, anxiety sensitivity, depression, obsessive–compulsive traits, and functional impairment in different life domains. Results indicate evidence in line with the nomological network as demonstrated by strong correlations between the S-Five dimensions and convergent measures. All S-Five dimensions strongly correlated with overall misophonic symptoms (r ≥ 0.53). Internalising appraisals were highly associated with insight into excessive or disproportionate reactions to sounds (r ≥ 0.59), externalising appraisals with anger and irritability (r ≥ 0.46), threat with trait anxiety and dysregulation facets (r ≥ 0.62), aggressive behavior (outbursts) with anger and behavioral dysregulation (r ≥ 0.70), and impact with distress and functional impairment (r ≥ 0.64). The results demonstrate that the S-Five has a robust five-factor structure and allows to draw reliable and valid conclusions about misophonic experiences in German samples. The proposed nomological network gives an initial insight into the nature of misophonia and provides a formalized fundament to develop and test further hypotheses about misophonia in a more sophisticated and symptom-oriented way.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia

et al. 2022

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“…These differences amongst misophonics in classification performance were significantly correlated with self-reported severity and breadth of misophonia from data collected in a previous session using the Sussex Misophonia Scale, SMS. 21 The Pearson's correlations between classification accuracy and the number of triggers or total questionnaire score were r = 0.381 and 0.417 respectively (p < 0.001), as shown in Figure 5. Figure S13 shows heatmaps for categorical differences in severity, comparing the transition from non-misophonia to moderate misophonia, and from moderate to severe misophonia (based on the three groups identified in our prior research 14 ).…”

Section: Comparisons Between Sounds: Cross-classificationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Training a single classifier across the whole 32x17 (N = 544) multivariate pattern results in a diagnostic accuracy for misophonia of AUC = 0.925 (specificity = 0.865, sensitivity = 0.802) which compares favorably against questionnaire approaches. 20,21 With regards to which features are important for classification, the VSURF algorithm Variable Selection using Random Forests, 22 determines the most important features for the successful performance of the classifier. Summing across all 32 classifiers the most important features were (in descending order): body tension (20), annoyance (19), anxiety (16), visual experiences (16), rage (15), discomfort (15), too loud (14), soothing (13), pleasurable (10), flinching (10), distress (9), disgust (8), pain (4), tingling (2), hairs-on-end (1), and nausea (1).…”

Section: A Phenomenological Cartography Of Misophoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phenomenological Cartography of Misophonia and Other Forms of Sound Intolerance

et al. 2022

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“…To explore whether the connectivity differences in misophonia were specific to orofacial cortex, we additionally defined finger cortex since finger-tapping has been described in previous literature as a common misophonic trigger (e.g., Cavanna and Seri, 2015 ). For instance, 58.7% of participants in a large-scale study of misophonia endorsed finger actions (i.e., snapping, tapping, or rubbing) as triggering ( Claiborn et al, 2020 ), and “finger tapping” was ranked as the 15th most triggering item (out of 48 total) in a separate sample of 143 individuals with misophonia ( Rinaldi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural evidence for non-orofacial triggers in mild misophonia

et al. 2022

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Misophonia, an extreme aversion to certain environmental sounds, is a highly prevalent yet understudied condition plaguing roughly 20% of the general population. Although neuroimaging research on misophonia is scant, recent work showing higher resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fMRI) between auditory cortex and orofacial motor cortex in misophonia vs. controls has led researchers to speculate that misophonia is caused by orofacial mirror neurons. Since orofacial motor cortex was defined using rs-fMRI, we attempted to theoretically replicate these findings using orofacial cortex defined by task-based fMRI instead. Further, given our recent work showing that a wide variety of sounds can be triggering (i.e., not just oral/nasal sounds), we investigated whether there is any neural evidence for misophonic aversion to non-orofacial stimuli. Sampling 19 adults with varying misophonia from the community, we collected resting state data and an fMRI task involving phoneme articulation and finger-tapping. We first defined “orofacial” cortex in each participant using rs-fMRI as done previously, producing what we call resting-state regions of interest (rsROIs). Additionally, we functionally defined regions (fROIs) representing “orofacial” or “finger” cortex using phoneme or finger-tapping activation from the fMRI task, respectively. To investigate the motor specificity of connectivity differences, we subdivided the rsROIs and fROIs into separate sensorimotor areas based on their overlap with two common atlases. We then calculated rs-fMRI between each rsROI/fROI and a priori non-sensorimotor ROIs. We found increased connectivity in mild misophonia between rsROIs and both auditory cortex and insula, theoretically replicating previous results, with differences extending across multiple sensorimotor regions. However, the orofacial task-based fROIs did not show this pattern, suggesting the “orofacial” cortex described previously was not capturing true orofacial cortex; in fact, using task-based fMRI evidence, we find no selectivity to orofacial action in these previously described “orofacial” regions. Instead, we observed higher connectivity between finger fROIs and insula in mild misophonia, demonstrating neural evidence for non-orofacial triggers. These results provide support for a neural representation of misophonia beyond merely an orofacial/motor origin, leading to important implications for the conceptualization and treatment of misophonia.

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A Factor Structure within Misophonia: The Sussex Misophonia Scale for researchers and clinicians

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia

A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia

A Phenomenological Cartography of Misophonia and Other Forms of Sound Intolerance

Neural evidence for non-orofacial triggers in mild misophonia

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