A Family of ACO Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Cañas, Delfín Rupérez; Orozco, Ana Lucila Sandoval; Villalba, Luis Javier García; Kim, Tai-hoon

doi:10.3390/s17051179

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…ACO is based on ants that are mobile agents that migrate from one node to an adjacent one searching for feasible paths between source and destination nodes [41]. Ant colony solution components correspond to network nodes, and, accordingly, routing tables correspond to pheromone tables in which each pheromone variable holds the estimated goodness of selecting a neighbor to forward a data packet [42,43].…”

Section: Application To the Smart Cities Realm And Potential Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities

Lucas

López

Blas

2018

Sensors

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The management and proper use of the Urban Public Transport Systems (UPTS) constitutes a critical field that has not been investigated in accordance to its relevance and urgent idiosyncrasy within the Smart Cities realm. Swarm Intelligence is a very promising paradigm to deal with such complex and dynamic systems. It presents robust, scalable, and self-organized behavior to deal with dynamic and fast changing systems. The intelligence of cities can be modelled as a swarm of digital telecommunication networks (the nerves), ubiquitously embedded intelligence, sensors and tags, and software. In this paper, a new approach based on the use of the Natural Computing paradigm and Collective Computation is shown, more concretely taking advantage of an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm variation and Fireworks algorithms to build a system that makes the complete control of the UPTS a tangible reality.

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Section: Application To the Smart Cities Realm And Potential Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kind of information contained, as well as the way in which it is used and updated depend solely on the characteristics of the algorithm. The routing table is in turn a local database and a local model of the global state of the network [43].…”

Section: Application To the Smart Cities Realm And Potential Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities

Lucas

López

Blas

2018

Sensors

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“…Ref. [41] presents the ACO routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks called as AntHocNet. Given that it includes both proactive and reactive routing elements, the proposed AntOR is hybrid.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant Colony Optimization ACO Based Autonomous Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Surveillance Systems

Saleem

Ahmad

2022

Drones

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Sensing plays a vital role in enabling smart cities. The mobile surveillance of different sectors, the retransmission of radio signals, and package delivery are the main applications conducted by unmanned vehicles in smart cities. Multiple unmanned vehicles or miniaturized real-time flying machines with onboard sensors, whether land- or air-based, communicate with each other to form a flying sensor network. Almost all of these machines are battery-operated. Therefore, power preservation is an extremely important factor to be taken into consideration. This paper proposes a power-aware biologically inspired secure autonomous routing protocol (P-BIOSARP) that depends on enhanced ant colony optimization (eACO). eACO autonomously and securely routes the data packet, and the power awareness maintains the power consumption of the flying sensor network. The novel intelligent power-aware routing protocol was implemented in network simulator 2 to perform a number of experiments with different scenarios. The scenarios included varying numbers of total nodes and mobile nodes, different packet rates, mobile source nodes, multiple mobile routing nodes, and, on the side of security, the injection of malicious nodes. The proposed protocol is compared with BIOSARP, E-BIOSARP, and SRTLD in terms of energy consumption, the delivery ratio, and traffic overhead. The analysis shows that the P-BIOSARP remarkably reduces energy consumption compared to other well-known protocols implemented on real testbeds.

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“…The central idea of hybrid routing is that proactive connections are available in areas with low mobility, whereas reactive connections are available in areas with high mobility [19]. Network routing problems have been recently solved through the implementation of different intelligent algorithms, such as African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) [6], ant colony optimization (ACO) [27], Genetic Algorithm (GA) [7,28], Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) [29], and Practical Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm [30].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

et al. 2019

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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be described as a group of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary dynamic and independent infrastructure network or a central administration facility. High energy consumption is one of the main problems associated with the MANET technology. The wireless mobile nodes used in this process rely on batteries because the network does not have a steady power supply. Thus, the rapid battery drain reduces the lifespan of the network. In this paper, a new Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR) protocol is proposed to improve the energy usage of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in the MANET. The symmetry between OLSR of MANET and Bat Algorithm (BA) is that both of them use the same mechanism for finding the path via sending and receiving specific signals. This symmetry resulted in the BOLSR protocol that determines the optimized path from a source node to a destination node according to the energy dynamics of the nodes. The BOLSR protocol is implemented in a MANET simulation by using MATLAB toolbox. Different scenarios are tested to compare the BOLSR protocol with the Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and the standard OLSR. The performance metric consists of routing overhead ratios, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay which is applied to evaluate the performance of the routing protocols. The results of the tests reveal that the BOLSR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increases the lifespan of the network, compared with the CAABO, EBOLSR, and OLSR.

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A Family of ACO Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities

Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities

Ant Colony Optimization ACO Based Autonomous Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Surveillance Systems

Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

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