2020
DOI: 10.3390/stats3030014
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A Family of Correlated Observations: From Independent to Strongly Interrelated Ones

Abstract: This paper proposes a new classification of correlated data types based upon the relative number of direct connections among observations, producing a family of correlated observations embracing seven categories, one whose empirical counterpart currently is unknown, and ranging from independent (i.e., no links) to approaching near-complete linkage (i.e., n(n − 1)/2 links). Analysis of specimen datasets from publicly available data sources furnishes empirical illustrations for these various categories. Their de… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…This third possibility is the correlated data source of interest in this piece. In his treatment of this data property, Griffith (2020) presents n* calculations for a wide variety of self-correlation issues, not just those for SA, expanding upon Griffith (2005). The ensuing discussion restricts attention to only SA situations.…”
Section: Effective Geographic Sample Sizementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This third possibility is the correlated data source of interest in this piece. In his treatment of this data property, Griffith (2020) presents n* calculations for a wide variety of self-correlation issues, not just those for SA, expanding upon Griffith (2005). The ensuing discussion restricts attention to only SA situations.…”
Section: Effective Geographic Sample Sizementioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the variables are statistically independent, the sample size can be computed using well-known formulas derived for Gaussian random variables (Thompson, 2012). However, when the variables are correlated, this computation is not always an easy task (Shabenberger & Gotway, 2005), and deserves attention (Griffith, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the complexities of spatial data arises from their being correlated data containing redundant or duplicate information (i.e., they are spatially autocorrelated; [ 10 ]). The SA latent in most geographically distributed socio-economic/demographic data is positive, and roughly ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 for provincial/state, county, and census tract resolutions across national and regional geographic landscapes studied to date.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%