A Family of Homo‐ and Heteroscorpionate Ligands: Applications to Bioinorganic Chemistry

Abstract

In this brief review we focus on a few examples of how a family of homo-and heteroscorpionate ligands allow us to examine how changes in reactivity, structure, or physical/ chemical properties around biologically interesting N 2 X coordinated metal centers vary as a function of donor atom, charge, [a]

The heteroscorpionate ligand 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol and an easy preparation of its tungsten complex

“…Atoms O2 and O3 are in one plane, together with atoms N2 and N4 of the pyrazolyl groups. This coordination geometry is denoted as the cis isomer in the literature (Carrano, 2016;Tran & Carrano, 2007). The dihedral angle between the planes of the pyrazole rings is 63.5 (2) and therefore smaller than in the free molecule.…”

“…Trispyrazolylborates and polypyrazolylalkanes are well established classes of ligands in transition-metal chemistry (Trofimenko, 1966(Trofimenko, , 1967(Trofimenko, , 1993(Trofimenko, , 1999. At the present time, the focus of research is concentrated on so-called heteroscorpionates (Pettinari et al, 2016;Carrano, 2016;Otero et al, 2013Otero et al, , 2008Otero et al, , 2006Otero et al, , 2004Hü bner et al, 2008Hü bner et al, , 2006. These ligands are able to coordinate at a given metal atom via two pyrazolate groups and a third functional group which might be an alcoholate, a thiolate or a carboxy group.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes Derived from Scorpionate Ligands

“…From the applicative perspective, many researches on scorpionate ligands have enriched several areas of chemistry with interesting achievements in, i.e., homogeneous catalysis, organic transformations, metalloenzyme modelling, perspective materials, and even as "spectator ligands" which do not interfere with the reaction scenarios taking place at the metal centers [6]. On the other hand, the great majority of scorpionate complexes have been the subject of deep investigations for potential applications, especially in the field of catalysis [7][8][9][10][11], bioinorganics [12][13][14] and medicine [15,16].…”

Molybdenum complexes of poly[(methylthio)methyl]borates

“…Due to the tripodal coordination mode to the metal atoms, the poly(pyrazolyl)borates and their congeners have become known as scorpionates [4]. The main advantage of scorpionate ligands lies in simple modifications of the parent structure that enables a fine tuning of their electronic and steric properties, which is very useful for design of new catalysts [7][8][9][10], modelling of active site of metalloenzymes and drug design [11][12][13][14][15].…”