In recent years, retinal disorders have grown to be a serious public health issue. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) are the foremost factors of vision impairments in children and youngsters correspondingly. These illnesses develop gradually and have no visible symptoms. To avoid vision damage, it is crucial to identify these conditions quickly and receive the appropriate medication. Therefore, a completely automated approach for identifying retinal disorders is needed. It is designed to reduce human contact for the identification of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) while maintaining the excellent accuracy of the classification. This paper presents an enhanced deep learning model LeNet-5 for retinal disease categorization framework. To achieve the desired findings, the DeepLabv3+ based blood vessel segmentation is carried out. After segmenting the retinal vessels, the features relevant to DR and ROP are extracted using dual channel based Capsule Network (CapsNet). After that, LeNet-5 receives the CapsNet feature map for categorization. To increase the deep learning classifier's performance, the Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) based data augmentation technique is implemented. The system evaluated in MESSIDOR and private datasets obtained 99.29% and 99.12% accuracy for DR and ROP classification. When the attained results are compared with other existing techniques, it is seen that more successful findings are achieved.