A fatal case of systemic strongyloidiasis and review of the literature

Abstract

Systemic strongyloidiasis is a rare but serious complication of intestinal strongyloidiasis. The condition occurs mainly in immunosuppressed patients and has a significant mortality rate. A case of systemic strongyloidiasis is described in a patient who received systemic steroid treatment, and a short review of the literature is given. The increased use of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic treatment necessitates increased awareness of this infection. HIV-infection, however, does not appear to increase the risk of developing systemic strongyloidiasis. Patients from endemic areas and travellers to such areas, even in the remote past, should be examined for strongyloidiasis before being given immunosuppressive treatment. Awareness of the possibility of systemic strongyloidiasis is essential if such a patient develops gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms or has repeated episodes of unexplained gram-negative infections while undergoing immunosuppressive treatment.

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Due to its detrimental effect on the human immune system, especially depletion of CD4 + lymphocytes (Stricker et al, ; Veenhuis, Clements, & Gama, ), HIV increases the probability of severe outcome in secondary infections by bacteria (Pawlowski, Jansson, Sköld, Rottenberg, & Källenius, ), fungi (Moreira et al, ), viruses (Rodrı́guez‐Rosado, Pérez‐Olmeda, Garcı́a‐Samaniego, & Soriano, ), and also parasites (Ahmadpour et al, ; Luft & Remington, ). Several studies have shown a relation between HIV infection, S. stercoralis infection and hyperinfection (Hagelskjaer, ; Siegel & Simon, ). This systematic review and meta‐analysis was designed to comprehensively determine pooled seroprevalence of S. stercoralis in relation to confounding factors for increased seropositivity in HIV‐positive population.…”

First-Glance Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis Autoinfection by Stool Microscopy

“…The simultaneous presence of both rhabditiform and filariform larvae may also suggest disseminated strongyloidiasis (5). In our patient, however, no larvae were isolated from the most commonly affected extraintestinal site, i.e., the lungs.…”

Fascioliasis nach Türkeiaufenthalt

“…beim Barfußlaufen auf feuchten Böden, oder Schleimhäute penetrieren, sich in der Lunge weiterentwickeln, in den Darm gelangen und hier Eier ablegen. Die hieraus schlüpfenden Larven können durch Invasion eine Leberbeteiligung verursachen (10,11,21). Wiederholt negative Stuhluntersuchungen machen allgemein eine Strongyloidiasis, im Gegensatz zur Fascioliasis unwahrscheinlich (11).…”