A Fatal Case of Toad (Buffo Melanostictus) Intoxication in a German Shepherd Dog and Review of Literature

Lodhi, Fizzah Laeeq

doi:10.17582/journal.aavs/2018/6.4.156.160

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The global assessment of alien amphibian impacts conducted by Measey et al (2016) showed that the toad family has relatively higher ecological and socio-economic impacts on native ecosystems than other amphibian taxa. In addition to the high predation pressure, which is common to many invasive alien frogs, alien toads cause poisonous death in upper predators due to steroid toxins stored in the parotoid glands (Letnic and Ward, 2005;Lodhi, 2018). Furthermore, tadpoles and egg masses of some toad species also possess deadly toxins (e.g., Crossland, 1999;Hayes et al, 2009;Shine, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preference of Domestic Alien Toads, Bufo japonicus formosus, for Spawning Ponds on Sado Island

Sawada,

Kamijo

2023

Current Herpetology

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Although the global population of many native frog species has declined in recent years, alien frog species have spread rapidly worldwide. In order to eradicate alien frogs, characterizing their spawning sites is highly important. In recent years, eastern-Japanese common toads, Bufo japonicus formosus, have caused negative impacts on native ecosystems though predation and poisoning deaths as a domestic alien species. However, their spawning sites preference is little known. Here, to clarify when and what kind of ponds B. j. formosus prefers for spawning, we conducted a field survey on Sado Island which is one of the invaded regions of this species. We recorded their breeding season and analyzed what kind of ponds they use mainly focusing on the pond structure and landscape to obtain basic information for their eradication. Our results clarified that alien B. j. formosus on Sado Island have the same reproductive features as the native population according to the environmental conditions (lunar phase, wind speed, and rainless period), and the ponds they prefer for spawning are in areas with more surrounding forest and less rice paddy area regardless of pond structures. In addition, we identified that B. j. formosus on Sado Island currently have not yet formed large populations. These findings provide useful information for their eradication not only Sado Island but also in areas where B. j. formosus is distributed as an alien species. It is possibile that B. j. formosus on Sado Island can be eradicated completely if extermination activity is started immediately.

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