A fatal diarrhoea outbreak in farm‐raised
            <i>Deinagkistrodon acutu</i>
            s in China is newly linked to potentially zoonotic
            <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>

Liu, Junqi; Xie, Lin; Zhao, Dun; Yang, Tong; Hu, Yunfei; Sun, Zhi-Liang

doi:10.1111/tbed.13020

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The A. hydrophila strain WCX23, which was responsible for a fatal diarrhea outbreak in farm-raised Deinagkistrodon acutus snakes in China, is also pathogenic to mammals (34). In the current study, the colistin-susceptible (col s ) strain WCX23 (colistin minimum inhibitory concentration, [MIC], 1 mg/L) was serially passaged on trypticase soy agar (TSA) with increasing concentrations of colistin sulfate to create a colistin-resistant (col r ) on May 9, 2021 by guest http://aac.asm.org/ Downloaded from strain.…”

Section: Serial Passage Of Clinical Colistin-susceptible a Hydrophila Strain Wcx23 On Tryptic Soy Agar With Increasing Colistin Creates Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Various Novel Colistin Resistance Mechanisms Interact To Facilitate Adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to Complex Colistin Environments

Liu

Gang

Wang-ping³

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Aeromonas hydrophila , a heterotrophic and Gram-negative bacterium, has attracted considerable attention owing to the increasing prevalence of reported infections. Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic that can treat life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, the mechanisms underlying colistin resistance in A. hydrophila remain unclear. The present study reveals four novel colistin resistance mechanisms in A. hydrophila : (i) EnvZ/OmpR upregulates the expression of the arnBCADTEF operon to mediate LPS modification by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose; (ii) EnvZ/OmpR regulates the expression of the autotransporter gene 3832 to decrease outer membrane permeability in response to colistin; (iii) deletion of envZ/ompR activates PhoP/PhoQ, which functions as a substitute two-component system to mediate the addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A via pmrC; and (iv) the mlaF D173A mutant confers high-level colistin resistance via upregulation of the Mla pathway. The EnvZ/OmpR two-component system-mediated resistance mechanism is the leading form of colistin resistance in A. hydrophila , which enables it to rapidly generate low- to medium-level colistin resistance. As colistin concentrations in the environment continue to rise, antibiotic resistance mediated by EnvZ/OmpR becomes insufficient to ensure bacterial survival. Consequently, A. hydrophila has developed a mlaF mutation that results in high-level colistin resistance. Our findings indicate that A. hydrophila can thrive in a complex environment through various colistin resistance mechanisms.

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Section: Serial Passage Of Clinical Colistin-susceptible a Hydrophila Strain Wcx23 On Tryptic Soy Agar With Increasing Colistin Creates Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Various Novel Colistin Resistance Mechanisms Interact To Facilitate Adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to Complex Colistin Environments

Liu

Gang

Wang-ping³

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and can cause infections in fish, 1 amphibians, 2 reptiles, 3 and humans. 4 It has been identified as an antibiotic-resistant and virulent etiologic agent in an increasing list of human diseases, including gastroenteritis, 5 diarrhea, 6 necrotizing fasciitis, 7 septicemia, 8 meningitis, 9 and hemolytic uremic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Borne blaNDM-Like Gene, blaAFM-1, in a Clinical Strain of Aeromonas hydrophila

Lin¹,

Lü²,

Qian³

et al. 2021

IDR

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Purpose: An increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance has been observed in both clinical and environmental Aeromonas hydrophila isolates in recent years. However, there are still very few in-depth studies regarding the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of A. hydrophila. Hence, we investigated the molecular and functional characterization of a multidrug-resistant plasmid encoding an NDM-like metallo-β-lactamase, AFM-1, in the clinical A. hydrophila isolate SS332. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 24 antibiotics against A. hydrophila SS332 were measured by the agar dilution method. The genome of A. hydrophila SS332 was sequenced with PacBio and Illumina platforms. Six plasmidborne antimicrobial resistance genes were chosen for cloning, including bla AFM-1 , bla OXA-1 , msr(E), mph(E), aac(6ʹ)-Ib10, and aph(3ʹ)-Ia. Phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence alignment, and comparative genomic analysis were performed to elucidate the active site requirements and genetic context of the bla AFM-1 gene. Results: A. hydrophila SS332 showed high levels of resistance to 15 antibiotics, especially those with MIC levels at or above 1024 μg/mL, including ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, spectinomycin, and roxithromycin. Six plasmid-borne resistance genes from A. hydrophila were verified to be functional in E. coli DH5α. AFM-1 shared 86% amino acid identity with NDM-1 and showed resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and ceftazidime. In addition, the bla AFM-1 gene was associated with three different novel ISCR19-like elements, designated ISCR19-1, ISCR19-2 and ∆ISCR19-3, which may be involved in the acquisition and mobilization of the bla AFM-1 gene. Conclusion: Our investigation showed that plasmid-borne resistance genes can contribute to antibiotic resistance in A. hydrophila SS332. A novel bla NDM -like gene, bla AFM-1 , was verified to be functional and associated with novel ISCR19-like elements. This fact indicated the risk of spread of bla AFM-1 genes and ISCR19-like elements.

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“…Similarly, Shigella sonnei can cause shigellosis [ 38 ]. A recent outbreak of fatal diarrhoea was attributed to Aeromonas hydrophila [ 39 ], whilst other food-borne strains including Salmonella spp., A. faecalis , and Y. enterocolitica [ 40 ] inhabit the lower gut and cause acute diarrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Properties of Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders on Groote Eylandt, Australia

Mazerand

Cock

2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The First Australians had well-developed healing systems. Groote Eylandt inhabitants used a variety of plant species to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal illnesses. This study was undertaken to test, identify, and evaluate traditional medicines to treat these conditions against gastrointestinal bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens, as well as against cancer cell proliferation. Six plant species (Buchanania obovata Engl., Casuarina equisetifolia L., Eucalyptus tetrodonta F. Muell., Planchonia careya (F. Muell.) R. Knuth, Terminalia carpentariae C. T. White, and Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.) were selected from a survey of a panel of elders from the Warnindhilyagwa tribe and compared with the published literature. Decoctions prepared according to traditional methods were screened for growth inhibitory activity of a panel of diarrhoea-causing bacterial pathogens by disc diffusion and liquid dilution MIC assays. Inhibitory activity against the gastrointestinal protozoal parasite Giardia duodenalis and antiproliferative activity against human colorectal (Caco2) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines were evaluated using MTS-based colorimetric cell proliferation assays. Preliminary antiviral screening was accomplished using an MS2 bacteriophage plaque reduction assay. Toxicity was evaluated using Artemia franciscana nauplii mortality and HDF cell viability bioassays. All traditional medicines tested inhibited bacterial growth, often with MIC values substantially <1000 μg/mL. T. carpentariae was particularly noteworthy, with MIC values of 230–350 μg/mL against Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella newport, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This species also had MICs 450–950 μg/mL against all other bacterial pathogens. B. obovata Engl. and E. tetrodonta were also good inhibitors of bacterial growth, albeit with substantially higher MIC values than determined for T. carpentariae. The T. carpentariae decoction was also the best inhibitor of MS2 phage replication (IC50 = 427 μg/mL) and Caco2 and HeLa proliferation (IC50 values of 885 and 85 μg/mL, respectively). None of the extracts were particularly strong inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis growth. All decoctions were nontoxic in the Artemia nauplii and HDF cell viability bioassays, indicating their suitability for therapeutic use.

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A fatal diarrhoea outbreak in farm‐raised Deinagkistrodon acutu s in China is newly linked to potentially zoonotic Aeromonas hydrophila

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Various Novel Colistin Resistance Mechanisms Interact To Facilitate Adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to Complex Colistin Environments

Various Novel Colistin Resistance Mechanisms Interact To Facilitate Adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to Complex Colistin Environments

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Borne blaNDM-Like Gene, blaAFM-1, in a Clinical Strain of Aeromonas hydrophila

The Therapeutic Properties of Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders on Groote Eylandt, Australia

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