A fatigue microcrack alters fluid velocities in a computational model of interstitial fluid flow in cortical bone

Effect of athletic fatigue damage and the associated bone targeted remodeling in the rat ulna

“…There seems to be a threshold of microdamage or local strain [16] over which fatigue loading or the necessity of bone targeted remodeling could lead to the apoptosis of osteocytes [23, 24, 32]. In the current study, we confirmed the stable apoptosis of osteocytes in the high-intensity groups during fatigue loading through the significant increase in the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae (Fig.…”

Skeletal Microdamage: Less About Biomechanics and More About Remodeling

“…The most prominent hypothesis is that osteocyte processes are physically broken by microdamage, disrupting cell-to-cell communication and fluid flow [20,23]. This is supported by the abundance of evidence showing fluid flow plays a key role in osteocyte physiology [21,46,47] and that both fluid flow [35,48] and cell process connections [49] are disrupted following fatigue loading. The nature of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying damage-related targeted remodeling should be a key focus of future microdamage research.…”

Elevated solute transport at sites of diffuse matrix damage in cortical bone: Implications on bone repair

“…Most studies of solute and fluid transport in LCS have been performed in bones without fatigue damages, and therefore there is a lack of experimental data on how bone matrix damage alters LCS transport. Theoretical modeling work have shown that linear cracks significantly disrupt nutrient transport in the LCS and alter the shear stress distribution patterns in regions around the crack . However, there is currently insufficient experimental data on the transport at sites of diffuse damage.…”

“…Theoretical modeling work have shown that linear cracks significantly disrupt nutrient transport in the LCS 17 and alter the shear stress distribution patterns in regions around the crack. 18 However, there is currently insufficient experimental data on the transport at sites of diffuse damage. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to quantify and compare solute transport in bone regions with and without diffuse matrix damage under no loading or varying physiological strains, using the confocal microscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) techniques.…”