A Fault Detection and Classification Scheme for Unified Power Flow Controller Compensated Transmission Lines Connecting Wind Farms

Due to the complex sending terminal structure of offshore wind transmission systems, conventional on-line monitoring-based protection cannot work well. The electromagnetic transient faults are also difficult to locate due to a short time span with fast characteristics that are affected by various power electronic devices and control algorithms. To solve the aforementioned problems, a new offshore wind transmission line protection scheme based on active detection of submarine cable sheath current is proposed. This method uses a normalized coding cooperation to realize the risk levels and failure locations of the transient defects, and then the sheath currents become a characteristic input data source, which can build a clear system protection boundary. Case studies using MATLAB and ATP simulations are carried out, where three types of transient faults represented by sheath currents are studied, i.e., loss of electrical continuity of grounding device, short circuit of segmented metal sheath of cable joint, and water immersion of junction box. Testing results illustrated that the proposed method could achieve fast fault detection and precise fault location of the electromagnetic transients. Moreover, compared with conventional wind farm protection techniques, it only needs to add few signal injection modules with high sampling frequency into the submarine optical fibers.

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“…According to the Guo et al (2020) and Biswas and Nayak (2021), the aforementioned mutual inductances can be calculated as follows:…”

Section: Cable Sheath Induced Current Caused By Magnetic Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Cable Sheath Current-Based Protection Scheme for an Offshore HVAC Wind Transmission System

Zhao

Liu²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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“…A comparative assessment of proposed method with recently available techniques is summarized in Table II. The transient monitoring index-based approach of [37], voltage wave correlation-based method of [7], fast discrete orthonormal stransform (FDOST)-based approach of [13], and data miningbased technique of [15] are considered for this assessment. The table clearly depicts that the adaptive faulted-loop current angle estimation-based proposed method is superior compared to the recently available methods for a CIRP integrated system.…”

Section: A Performance Evaluation With Comparative Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Fault Type Classification for Transmission Network Connecting Converter-Interfaced Renewable Plants

Paladhi

Pradhan

2021

IEEE Systems Journal

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Fault ride through compliance as imposed by the grid codes (GCs) prevents the inadvertent disconnection of the renewable plants from the network even during faults. Control algorithms applied in the converters associated with such plants modulate the fault characteristics significantly and result in malfunction of available fault type classifiers at times. In this article, an adaptive fault type classification technique is proposed for transmission network connecting converter-interfaced renewable plants. The method calculates sequence current angles in the faulted loop by determining pure-fault impedance of the plant at every instant during fault using local voltage and current data for fault type identification. The proposed method is tested for different fault situations on renewable integrated standard systems using PSCAD/EMTDC. The performance of the proposed method is found to be accurate in the presence of different types of renewable plants and complying different GC requirements. Comparative assessment reveals its superior performance.

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“…The current power transmission protection schemes for largescale wind farms have various challenges in HV power transmission networks [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The use of synchronised PMUs installed at both sides of each transmission line based on a global positioning system (GPS) and a high-speed communication system is one of the numerous options to discriminate internal and external faults of interconnected lines.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance relays protecting such transmission lines are affected due to the fluctuations of voltage and frequency when the wind farms are connected to any HV transmission lines. Besides, the UPFC and wind farms' presence causes under-reach and over-reach problems to distance relay resulting in maloperation of the relay [16]. Therefore, Biswas and Nayak [16] utilised the sign of the change in the positive sequence current magnitude at both ends of the line and the transient monitor index derived from the locally measured current signal to develop the fault detection and classification technique for UPFC-compensated transmission lines connecting wind farms.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault classifications of MV transmission lines connected to wind farms using non‐intrusive fault monitoring techniques on HV utility side

Chang

2020

IET gener. transm. distrib.

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The fault classification of medium-voltage transmission lines consisting of wind farms connected to the high-voltage (HV) transmission networks is carried out using the power-spectrum-based hyperbolic S-transform (HST) powerful technique for analysing non-linear and non-stationary fault signals through the non-intrusive monitoring systems. The HST technique extracts the useful features in the time-frequency domain from measuring fault current waveforms of the HV utility side to discriminate the fault types. Parseval's theorem is applied to each HST coefficient to quantify the energy distribution of various fault types for reducing the size of inputs for recognition algorithms. Next, multiclass support vector machines achieve identification. The results have proved that the proposed classification technique is independent of fault resistance, source impedance, and fault inception angles. Extensive simulations are conducted using the electromagnetic transients program to show that the recognition accuracy of the fault classification for all types is up to 96.84%.

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A Fault Detection and Classification Scheme for Unified Power Flow Controller Compensated Transmission Lines Connecting Wind Farms

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Active Cable Sheath Current-Based Protection Scheme for an Offshore HVAC Wind Transmission System

Active Cable Sheath Current-Based Protection Scheme for an Offshore HVAC Wind Transmission System

Adaptive Fault Type Classification for Transmission Network Connecting Converter-Interfaced Renewable Plants

Fault classifications of MV transmission lines connected to wind farms using non‐intrusive fault monitoring techniques on HV utility side

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