A fault tree model to assess probability of contaminant discharge from shipwrecks

Landquist, Hanna; Rosén, Lars; Lindhé, Andreas; Norberg, Tommy; Hassellöv, Ida-Maja; Lindgren, J. Fredrik; Dahllöf, Ingela

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.037

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They classified the literature based on definition of the system, construction of the fault trees, type of evaluation, and the available computer codes for FTA. FTA has been widely used in environmental applications, such as, risk analysis of drinking water systems, 36 probability assessment of contaminantdischarge from shipwrecks, 37 and analysis of pollution caused by vehicular emissions. 38 In brief, FTA identifies weaknesses in the system and the causes of a failure, assesses proposed design for safety and reliability, quantifies the failure probability, optimizes the management actions.…”

Section: Fault Tree Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Environmental Risk Assessment: A Review

2017

Rasayan J Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a decision-making tool that enables affirmative actions, which lead to a safer environment, optimization of manufacturing processes, reduced business risks, and enhanced profitability. It makes an organization proactive and go beyond the paradigm of compliance to enable sustainability. A wide range of techniques are available in the literature, which can be employed in ERA. In this paper, a review of nine major techniques is presented. These techniques are Leopold matrix, Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP), Knowledgebased HAZOP, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), Process mapping, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), What-if analysis, and Checklists. An outline of the origin, history, evolution, applications, and limitations of these techniques is provided. These techniques help in anticipating environmental hazards and implementing an effective environmental management plan.

show abstract

Section: Fault Tree Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Environmental Risk Assessment: A Review

2017

Rasayan J Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The model also facilitates quantification of the uncertainties in the input data and results. This facilitates identification of the parameters that need to be investigated further to reduce the uncertainties in the risk calculations (Landquist et al, 2014(Landquist et al, , 2015Hassellöv et al, 2015).…”

Section: Vraka-probabilistic Risk Assessment Of Shipwrecksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result is a yearly probability of a discharge of hazardous substances into the marine environment. An opening in the wreck is assumed to occur due to certain activities and also depends on the status of the wreck, which is affected by wreckspecific and site-specific indicators, such as bottom water oxygen concentration and how the wreck is lying on the seafloor (Landquist et al, 2014(Landquist et al, , 2015Hassellöv et al, 2015).…”

Section: Part 1-estimation Of Probability Of Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These underlying events are in turn defined by further events, shown in the fault tree in Figure 5, e.g., trawling, diving, and shipping traffic. For a more detailed description of the method used for estimating probability of discharge, see Landquist et al (2014).…”

Section: Part 1-estimation Of Probability Of Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods consists of three parts: (1) A tool for estimating the probability of discharge; (2) Approaches required for making a consequence assessment of such a discharge with a particular emphasis on Swedish and Baltic waters; (3) Risk evaluation. A draft structure for (1), with a basic Tier 1 consequence assessment approach, is presented in Hassellöv et al (2015) and Landquist et al (2015) and a more detailed description can be found in Landquist et al (2014). The aim of the work presented here was to further develop (2) and present a holistic risk assessment method for potentially polluting shipwrecks by combining earlier research of a method for estimating probability of release (1) with a consequence assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

VRAKA—A Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method for Potentially Polluting Shipwrecks

Landquist

Rosén

Lindhé

et al. 2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shipwrecks around the world contain unknown volumes of hazardous substances which, if discharged, could harm the marine environment. Shipwrecks can deteriorate for a number of reasons, including corrosion and physical impact from trawling and other activities, and the probability of a leakage increases with time. Before deciding on possible mitigation measures, there are currently few comprehensive methods for assessing shipwrecks with respect to pollution risks. A holistic method for estimating environmental risks from shipwrecks should be based on well-established risk assessment methods and should take into account both the probability of discharge and the potential consequences. The purpose of this study was therefore to present a holistic risk assessment method for potentially polluting shipwrecks. The focus is set to developing a method for estimating the environmental consequences of potential discharges of hazardous substances from shipwrecks and to combine this with earlier research on a tool for estimating the probability of discharge of hazardous substances. Risk evaluation should also be included in a full risk assessment and is the subject of further research. The consequence assessment was developed for application in three tiers. In Tier 1, the probability of discharge and possible amount of discharge are compared to other shipwrecks. In Tier 2, a risk matrix, including a classification of potential consequences, is suggested as a basis for assessment and comparison. The most detailed level, Tier 3, is based on advanced tools for oil spill trajectory modeling and sensitivity mapping of the Swedish coast. To illustrate the method an example application on two wrecks is presented. Wreck number 1 present a lower probability of discharge and a lower consequence in a Tier 1 and Tier 3 assessment. For the Tier 2 consequence assessment, the two example wrecks present equal consequence. The tool for estimating the probability of discharge of hazardous substances from shipwrecks, and the approach for consequence estimation, offers a comprehensive method for assessing the risks presented by potentially polluting shipwrecks. The method is known as VRAKA (short for shipwreck risk assessment in Swedish) and provides decision support, facilitating prioritization of risk mitigation measures enabling efficient use of available resources.

show abstract

Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea

Bergmann,

Brenner,

Strehse

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship's history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.

show abstract

A fault tree model to assess probability of contaminant discharge from shipwrecks

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Techniques for Environmental Risk Assessment: A Review

Techniques for Environmental Risk Assessment: A Review

VRAKA—A Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method for Potentially Polluting Shipwrecks

Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About