A fauna de peixes nas bacias do norte do Espírito Santo, Brasil

Abstract

Resumo -As bacias hidrográficas do norte do Espírito Santo compreendem os sistemas dos rios Itaúnas e São Mateus. O presente estudo é parte de uma série de trabalhos sobre a ictiofauna dos sistemas hídricos do Espírito Santo. Foram averiguados 49 pontos georreferenciados em rios e córregos da região, sendo 20 na bacia do rio Itaúnas e 28 na bacia do rio São Mateus. O ambiente e a composição taxonômica em cada ponto foram documentados, registrando um total de 83 espécies, sendo 47 de água doce e 36 marinhas, pertencentes a 35 famílias e 11 ordens. Dentre as espécies de água doce predominaram Siluriformes, com 20 espécies, seguida de Characiformes, com 17 espécies. A Mata Atlântica no norte do Espírito Santo, nomeada de floresta de tabuleiros, era originalmente composta por floresta ombrófila densa e ambientes de várzeas, restingas, muçunungas e manguezais. Com a devastação das florestas, a região hoje sofre com o processo de desertificação, possuindo características típicas do Semiárido nordestino, onde o escoamento das águas é esparso ou intermitente. A perda de qualidade ambiental ao longo dos vales fluviais é associada a uma necessidade premente de recuperação dos ambientes aquáticos ribeirinhos. Espécies exóticas e os riscos de introduções carecem de mais estudos nestas áreas. Espécies raras ou ameaçadas cuja distribuição foi reduzida em resposta a alterações ambientais podem funcionar como bioindicadoras. Potenciais novas espécies são assinaladas, e o endemismo regional e padrões de distribuição para peixes de água doce são discutidos. Palavras-chave adicionais: Bacia hidrográfica, biodiversidade, endemismo, ictiofauna, peixe de riacho.Abstract (Fish fauna from the basins of northern Espírito Santo, Brazil) -The hydrographic basins of northern Espírito Santo comprises the systems of Itaúnas and São Mateus rivers. The present work is part of a series of studies on the fish fauna along Espírito Santo's river basins. Forty-nine geo-referred points in rivers and rivulets of the area were evaluated, 20 in the Itaúnas basin and 28 in São Mateus basin. The environment and the taxonomic composition of the fish fauna were documented at every point, reporting a total of 83 species, including 47 freshwater species and 36 marine, belonging to 35 families and 11 orders. Among the freshwater fish species, the Siluriformes predominated, with 20 species, followed by the Characiformes, with 17 species. The Atlantic forest of northern Espírito Santo, known as "floresta de tabuleiros", was originally composed of ombrophylous forest as well as swamps, coastal sand dunes, and mangroves. With the suppression of native forests, the region has suffered from desertification, and environmental conditions are similar to the northeastern semiarid region, where the run-off waters are dispersed or intermittent. The loss of environmental quality along river valleys is associated with the need to reestablish riverine aquatic conditions. Exotic species and risks of introductions need further studies in these areas. Rare or endangered specie...

Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships

“…An opposite trend was observed for members of the order Characiformes, which is more representative in Central Group and North Group (with 80% and 30%, respectively) than South Group (25%). These results are in agreement with published information about various rivers included in South Group, where a higher proportion of Siluriformes was observed (e.g., Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2009, 2012Sarmento-Soares et al 2007, 2009b.…”

Assessment of Stream Environmental Condition Using Fishbased Metrics in a Protected Area and Its Disturbed Buffer Zone, Northeastern Atlantic Rainforest

“…In Espírito Santo state, M. sylvicola was found only in the CGBR, evidencing the role of this protected area in the maintenance of the flora, fauna, and streams. Its congener, M. microlepis, was found both inside and in the buffer zone of the conservation unit, as well as elsewhere in the headwaters and lower portions of the Rio Itaúnas basin and in streams draining the Sooretama Biological Reserve (Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2012, Plesley 2017. Acentronichthys leptos is a monotypic species described from the Rio São Mateus basin (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889), the neighboring basin in the south of the Rio Itaúnas basin, and has a wide distribution, from Santa Catarina to Bahia (Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2009).…”

“…Therefore, as suggested by Ávila et al (2018), these metrics are complementary, because while they are not sufficiently informative when used separately, they provide an efficient bioindicator when used together to assess the conservation status at a local and landscape extent. Because Córrego Grande Biological Reserve is inserted in a strongly extractive environment-as much of northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahiaand presents in its area two endangered species, in a region of high endemism rates (Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2012, we expect that this study will support the implementation of more efficient protective measures around the conservation unit.…”

“…Some specimens intended for genetic analysis were preserved in 99% ethanol. The specimens were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible with the assistance of inventories published in scientific papers and identification manuals, such as those of Roldi et al (2014), Sarmento-Soares and Martins-Pinheiro (2010, 2012, 2014a, 2014b, in addition to consulting specialists. The samplings were carried out under environmental permits no.…”

Landscape analysis and land use evolution in the hydrographic basin of Barra Seca river, ES

“…Several aspects of the Barra Seca River basin have been intensively studied, especially its biodiversity (PAULA, 2006;SARMENTO-SOARES and MARTINS-PINHEIRO, 2012;DADALTO, 2014;SARMENTO-SOARES and MARTINS-PIN-HEIRO, 2014), geological features (CORRÊA, et al, 2008;FRANÇA et al, 2013;BOSO JR., 2015;FRANÇA et al, 2015 ), and morphological (VICENS and MARQUES, 2006;RIBEIRO et al, 2007;SCHINEIDER, 2010) and hydrological (ZON and MENDONÇA, 2008;LANI et al, 2009) characteristics.…”