A feasibility study of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration in a layered basalt reservoir

Khatiwada, Murari; Adam, Ludmila; Morrison, M. A.; Wijk, Kasper van

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.03.005

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…While sample B2 was mineralogically different from B1 (B2 had no glass) the changes in velocity were similar among these samples. Altogether, the volume of carbonate precipitate was less than 2%, but the changes in velocity were significant and could potentially be observed in the field with borehole seismic methods [ Khatiwada et al ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions

et al. 2013

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[1] The chemical interaction between carbon dioxide, water, and basalt is a common process in the earth, which results in the dissolution of primary minerals that later precipitate as alteration minerals. This occurs naturally in volcanic settings, but more recently basalts have been suggested as reservoirs for sequestration of anthropogenic CO 2 . In both the natural and man-made cases, rock-fluid reactions lead to the precipitation of carbonates. Here, we quantify changes in ultrasonic wave speeds, associated with changes in the frame of whole-rock basalts, as CO 2 and basalt react. After 30 weeks of reactions and carbonate precipitation, the ultrasonic wave speed in dry basalt samples increases between 4% and 20% and permeability is reduced by up to an order of magnitude. However, porosity decreases only by 2% to 3%. The correlation between significant changes in wave speed and permeability indicates that a precipitate is developing in fractures and compliant pores. Thin sections, XRF-loss on ignition, and water chemistry confirm this observation. This means time-lapse seismic monitoring of a CO 2 -water-basalt system cannot assume invariance of the rock frame, as typically done in fluid substitution models. We conclude that secondary mineral precipitation causes a measurable change in the velocities of elastic waves in basalt-water-CO 2 systems, suggesting that seismic waves could be used to remotely monitor future CO 2 injection sites. Although monitoring these reactions in the field with seismic waves might be complicated due to the heterogeneous nature of basalt, quantifying the elastic velocity changes associated with rock alteration in a controlled laboratory experiment forms an important step toward field-scale seismic monitoring.Citation: Adam, L., K. van Wijk, T. Otheim, and M. Batzle (2013), Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt-CO 2 -water reactions,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions

et al. 2013

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“…Several fluid substitution studies (Han and Batzle, 2004;Simm, 2007;Khatiwada et al, 2012) have Gassmann's (1951) fluid substitution equations to estimate P-(V p ) and S-wave velocity (V s ) changes with increasing CO 2 saturation. V p and V s logs are needed to use Gassmann's fluid substitution.…”

Section: Arches Sims Final Technical Report 61mentioning

confidence: 99%

SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL GEOLOGIC CO{sub 2} STORAGE ALONG ARCHES PROVINCE OF MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

Sminchak¹

2012

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This report presents final technical results for the project Simulation Framework for Regional Geologic CO 2 Storage Infrastructure along Arches Province of the Midwest UnitedStates. The Arches Simulation project was a three year effort designed to develop a simulation framework for regional geologic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage infrastructure along the Arches Province through development of a geologic model and advanced reservoir simulations of large-scale CO 2 storage. The project included five major technical tasks: (1) compilation of geologic, hydraulic and injection data on Mount Simon, (2) development of model framework and parameters, (3) preliminary variable density flow simulations, (4) multi-phase model runs of regional storage scenarios, and (5) implications for regional storage feasibility. The Arches Province is an informal region in northeastern Indiana, northern Kentucky, western Ohio, and southern Michigan where sedimentary rock formations form broad arch and platform structures. In the province, the Mount Simon sandstone is an appealing deep saline formation for CO 2 storage because of the intersection of reservoir thickness and permeability. Many CO 2 sources are located in proximity to the Arches Province, and the area is adjacent to coal fired power plants along the Ohio River Valley corridor.Geophysical well logs, rock samples, drilling logs, and geotechnical tests were evaluated for a 500,000 km 2 study area centered on the Arches Province. Hydraulic parameters and historical operational information was also compiled from Mount Simon wastewater injection wells in the region. This information was integrated into a geocellular model that depicts the parameters and conditions in a numerical array. The geologic and hydraulic data were integrated into a three-dimensional grid of porosity and permeability, which are key parameters regarding fluid flow and pressure buildup due to CO 2 injection. Permeability data were corrected in locations where reservoir tests have been performed in Mount Simon injection wells.The geocellular model was used to develop a series of numerical simulations designed to support CO 2 storage applications in the Arches Province. Variable density fluid flow simulations were initially run to evaluate model sensitivity to input parameters. Two dimensional, multiple-phase simulations were completed to evaluate issues related to arranging injection fields in the study area. A basin-scale, multiple-phase model was developed to evaluate large scale injection effects across the region. Finally, local scale simulations were also completed with more detailed depiction of the Eau Claire formation to investigate to the potential for upward migration of CO 2 .Overall, the technical work on the project concluded that injection large-scale injection may be achieved with proper field design, operation, siting, and monitoring. Records from Mount Simon injection wells were compiled, documenting more than 20 billion gallons of injection into the Mount Simon formation in the Arch...

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“…In reservoir monitoring studies, one looks for time-dependent velocity changes in the subsurface, usually manifested as changes in arrival times (e.g. Khatiwada et al 2012). Therefore, we need robust methods to estimate small arrival time differences between seismic traces, even when the signal-to-noise ratio approaches as low as one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays: numerical examples for coda wave interferometry

Mikesell

Malcolm

Yang

et al. 2015

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YTime-shift estimation between arrivals in two seismic traces before and after a velocity perturbation is a crucial step in many seismic methods. The accuracy of the estimated velocity perturbation location and amplitude depend on this time shift. Windowed cross-correlation and trace stretching are two techniques commonly used to estimate local time shifts in seismic signals. In the work presented here we implement Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to estimate the warping function -a vector of local time shifts that globally minimizes the misfit between two seismic traces. We compare all three methods using acoustic numerical experiments. We show that DTW is comparable to or better than the other two methods when the velocity perturbation is homogeneous and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low, we find that DTW and windowed cross-correlation are more accurate than the stretching method. Finally, we show that the DTW algorithm has good time resolution when identifying small differences in the seismic traces for a model with an isolated velocity perturbation. These results impact current methods that utilize not only time shifts between (multiply) scattered waves, but also amplitude and decoherence measurements.

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A feasibility study of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration in a layered basalt reservoir

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions

SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL GEOLOGIC CO{sub 2} STORAGE ALONG ARCHES PROVINCE OF MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays: numerical examples for coda wave interferometry

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A feasibility study of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration in a layered basalt reservoir

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO2‐water reactions

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO2‐water reactions

SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL GEOLOGIC CO{sub 2} STORAGE ALONG ARCHES PROVINCE OF MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays: numerical examples for coda wave interferometry

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Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions

Changes in elastic wave velocity and rock microstructure due to basalt‐CO₂‐water reactions