A Feasible Compatibilization Processing Technique for Improving the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Rubbery Biopolymer/Graphene Nanocomposites

Abstract

Over the last few decades, processing and compatibility have become challenging and interesting investigation areas of polymer matrix nanocomposites. This study investigated the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) at different ratios with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in poly(lactic acid)/modified natural rubber/polyaniline/GnP (PLA/m-NR/PANI/GnP) nanocomposites via two processing methods: a two-step technique and a one-pot technique. The former technique involved first preparing a master batch of PLA grafted with MAH, followed by a second step involving the melt blending of the nanocomposite (T1) using MAH-g-PLA. On the other hand, the one-pot technique involved the direct mixing of MAH during the melt-blending process (T2). The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated. The findings showed that adding MAH significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break by about 25% for PLA/m-NR/PANi/GnP nanocomposites, with an optimal ratio of 1:1 of MAH-g-PLA to GnP loading using the T1 technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical interaction between MAH and PLA for T1 nanocomposites, which exhibited improved phase morphology with smoother surfaces. MAH-compatibilized nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stabilities when compared to the sample without a compatibilizer. The findings show that the compatibilized PLA nanocomposite is potentially suitable for bio-inspired materials.

Graphene-Based Hybrid Fillers for Rubber Composites

“…Furthermore, boron nitride (BN) [ 173 , 174 , 175 ], platinum (Pt) [ 176 ], zwitterionic chitin nanocrystal (NC) [ 177 ], nano-diamond (ND) [ 178 ], lignin [ 179 ], chopped glass fiber, fibrous sepiolite [ 180 ], collagen(COL) or gel [ 181 , 182 ], molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) [ 183 ], electrolyte–iron particles (EIP) [ 184 ], tetrapod zinc oxide whisker (T-ZnOw) [ 185 ], SiC [ 186 , 187 ], and methyl methacrylate(MMA) [ 188 , 189 , 190 ] have been mixed with graphene to prepare graphene hybrid fillers for reinforcing rubber. Combining their own unique properties can enhance the thermal conductivity, fuel catalytic activity, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, thermal stability, abrasion resistance, and dielectric properties in the rubber material.…”