A feasible core design of lead bismuth eutectic cooled CANDLE fast reactor

Nagata, Akito; Takaki, Naoyuki; Sekimoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2009.01.007

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows that the minimum burnup required for providing this number of excess neutrons is ~36% FIMA. In fact, the burnup of many of the CANDLE cores designed by Sekimoto et al [11,12,[22][23][24] feature an average burnup level that is in the vicinity of 40% FIMA-nearly twice that required for sustaining a B&B mode of operation in a SWR. [17] to operate at the minimum burnup required for sustaining a B&B mode of operation.…”

Section: Electrical Bandb Capacity [Gwe] Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Phased Development of Breed-and-Burn Reactors for Enhanced Nuclear Energy Sustainability

Greenspan

2012

Sustainability

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Several options for designing fast reactors to operate in the Breed-and-Burn (B&B) mode are compared and a strategy is outlined for early introduction of B&B reactors followed by a gradual increase in the fuel utilization of such reactors. In the first phase the fast reactor core will consist of a subcritical B&B blanket driven by a relatively small critical seed. As the required discharge burnup/radiation-damage to both driver and blanket fuel had already been proven, and as the depleted uranium fueled B&B blanket could generate close to 2/3 of the core power and will have very low fuel cycle cost, the deployment of such fast reactors could start in the near future. The second phase consists of deploying self-sustaining stationary wave B&B reactors. It will require development of fuel technology that could withstand peak burnups of ~30% and peak radiation damage to the cladding of ~550 dpa. The third phase requires development of a fuel reconditioning technology that will enable using the fuel up to an average burnup of ~50%-the upper bound permitted by neutron balance considerations when most of the fission products are not separated from the fuel. The increase in the uranium ore utilization relative to that provided by contemporary power reactors is estimated to be 20, 40 and 100 folds for, respectively, phase 1, 2 and 3. The energy value of the depleted uranium stockpiles ("waste") accumulated in the US is equivalent to, when used in the B&B reactors, up to 20 centuries of the total 2010 USA supply of electricity. Therefore, a successful development of B&B reactors could provide a great measure of energy sustainability and cost stability.

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Section: Electrical Bandb Capacity [Gwe] Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 presents a schematic illustration of the "fission wave" propagation along the core of a TWR like the CANDLE reactor developed by Professor Hiroshi Sekimoto et al [11,12,[22][23][24]. The "fresh fuel" (sometimes referred to as the "blanket") is typically depleted uranium.…”

Section: Neutron Balance Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phased Development of Breed-and-Burn Reactors for Enhanced Nuclear Energy Sustainability

Greenspan

2012

Sustainability

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“…It can be applied to several reactors, when the infinite neutron multiplication factor of fuel element of the reactor changes along burn-up as the followings [3][4] [5]. Therefore using this type of nuclear power plants optimum nuclear energy utilization including in developing countries can be easily conducted without the problem of nuclear proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design study on very small long-life gas cooled fast reactor using metallic natural Uranium-Zr as fuel cycle input

Monado¹,

Ariani²,

Su’ud³

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Moreover, intensive and comprehensive research over the past decade already demonstrates that a CANDLE reactor maintains a lot of attractive merits [1][2][3][4][5][6], summarized in the following.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Abstract: CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor) reactors have been intensively researched in the last decades [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Research shows that this kind of reactor is highly economical, safe and efficiently saves resources, thus extending large scale fission nuclear energy utilization for thousands of years, benefitting the whole of society.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design and Discussion on Middle and Large CANDLE Reactors

Yan¹,

Zhang²,

Chai³

2012

Sustainability

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CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor) reactors have been intensively researched in the last decades [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Research shows that this kind of reactor is highly economical, safe and efficiently saves resources, thus extending large scale fission nuclear energy utilization for thousands of years, benefitting the whole of society. For many developing countries with a large population and high energy demands, such as China and India, middle (1000 MWth) and large (2000 MWth) CANDLE fast reactors are obviously more suitable than small reactors [2]. In this paper, the middle and large CANDLE reactors are investigated with U-Pu and combined ThU-UPu fuel cycles, aiming to utilize the abundant thorium resources and optimize the radial power distribution. To achieve these design purposes, the present designs were utilized, simply dividing the core into two fuel regions in the radial direction. The less active fuel, such as thorium or natural uranium, was loaded in the inner core region and the fuel with low-level enrichment, e.g. 2.0% enriched uranium, was loaded in the outer core region. By this simple core configuration and fuel setting, rather than using a complicated method, we can obtain the desired middle and large CANDLE fast cores with reasonable core geometry and thermal hydraulic parameters that perform safely and economically; as is to be expected from CANDLE. To assist in understanding the CANDLE reactor's attributes, analysis and discussion of the calculation results achieved are provided.

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A feasible core design of lead bismuth eutectic cooled CANDLE fast reactor

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

A Phased Development of Breed-and-Burn Reactors for Enhanced Nuclear Energy Sustainability

A Phased Development of Breed-and-Burn Reactors for Enhanced Nuclear Energy Sustainability

Conceptual design study on very small long-life gas cooled fast reactor using metallic natural Uranium-Zr as fuel cycle input

Optimized Design and Discussion on Middle and Large CANDLE Reactors

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