A ferida na alma : os doentes de AIDS sob o ponto de vista psicanalítico

Abstract

This production, based on the psychoanalytical work, studies the HIV/AIDS phenomenon, from the speech of four AIDS patients, who have been interviewed for three years. The psychoanalytical reference functioned as a methodological and theoretical tool in order to run the interviews, as well as for the reading of the material produced along the meetings with the subjects of the research. The conceptions of the Multiple Fields Theory and the extense clinic by the Brazilian Psychoanalyst Fabio Herrmann have been of great importance, which support the usage of the psychoanalytical method, outside the classical setting, including academic research. This piece of work gets from the assumption of which the pathologies, mainly the chronicle and incurable ones, induce a narcissistic injury over their victims. When it comes to AIDS, this situation would become aggravated by the vulnerability that the disease provokes, by the adverse effects of the medicines and by the social stigmas which are linked to them. The aim of the research was verifying what psychic strategies the patients use in order to face such situation and to try to fix this wound. It was proved that the AIDS patients feel themselves thrown into a field of "angst" [das Ängstlichen] when they realize they are submerged by this disease. The ego reaction to deal the distressing field would provoke an ego splitting (Spaultung), occurring that the frightening reality is able to psychically coexist with the desire of repairing the narcissistic wound and with the indelible mourning by itself. In that case, AIDS is shared in the psychic dynamic of the patient in terms of what that Freud named as das Unheimliche. The ego, thanks to its synthesis power, even though it is grown weak by an outside and merciless force, may be able to face it and keep integrated, although the irreparable losses.

Quality Of Life Evaluation Of Elderly People Living With HIV/AIDS According To HAT-QOL

“…Many people living with HIV/AIDS opt for secrecy, limiting the maximum the number of people who know their HIV status, adopting a "double life" because only a few are chosen to learn of their infection. However, other individuals are obligated to pretend or lie about important aspects of their lives, facing embarrassing situations, like lying to go to the doctor, hide or use stealth to take medicines, face the fear of being identified as HIV positive in the service health, generating a clandestine themselves that affects their lives in various aspects: emotional, professional, social and even in the way they conduct their own treatment [20].…”

Situação de crise psíquica e desejo de saber

“…Por isso, precisa do amor, do apoio do outro, como uma forma de compensação por aquilo que a doença lhe tirou. O amor do outro é o amparo diante da situação de desamparo instalada pela doença (Cedaro, 2005).…”

Psicoterapia lúdica de uma criança com AIDS

“…Dentre os relatos de caso, Cedaro (2005) entrevista quatro pacientes adultos com AIDS, comparando a vivência da doença a uma ferida narcísica. Tonin (2001) comenta a importância dos aspectos transferenciais e contratransferenciais, quer como propulsores da terapia, quer na resistência à análise de um paciente terminal adulto.…”

“…Devido à negação, o doente não toma contato com nenhuma de suas perdas, age como se nada estivesse acontecendo. Cedaro (2005) considera que a impossibilidade de permanecer livre do mal é uma ferida no "eu" idealizado, pois o soropositivo sabe que será um doente pra sempre.…”