A field comparison of several methods for measuring pesticide evaporation rates from soil

Majewski, Michael S.; Glotfelty, Dwight E.; U, Kyaw Tha Paw; Seiber, James N.

doi:10.1021/es00080a006

Cited by 74 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The space between the diffusion chamber and the glass soil column tube was sealed with Teflon tape during flux measurement. Due to the 10-cm thickness of the soil layer, the effective height of the two diffusion chambers (H) was 50 cm, resulting in chamber volumes of 1298 cm 3 for the glass chamber and 1254 cm 3 for the PVC chamber. The outside walls of the diffusion chambers were covered by adhesive aluminum tape to block the light.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 In a regular laboratory at the ambient pressure and temperature, liquid CH 2 Cl 2 can be used to provide a constant vapor source. 22 The chemical used in our experiment was obtained in a liquid form in dark brown glass bottles with a 99.9+% purity (Fisher Scientific Co.) CH 3 Br is a biocidal fumigant widely used for various commercial and agricultural purposes, especially for soil fumigation. This chemical is highly volatile with a vapor pressure of 1420-mmHg at 20 °C and a low boiling point of 3.6 °C at the ambient pressure.…”

Section: Properties Of Chemicals Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 At the ambient temperature and pressure, CH 3 Br exists as a colorless and odorless gas. The CH 3 Br used in our experiment was obtained in a compressed liquid form with a 99.5+% purity within a small steel cylinder (Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.).…”

Section: Properties Of Chemicals Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weight of the soil layer was 313.9 g (air-dried). The bulk density (ρ) of the soil layer was 1.48 g/cm 3 , the porosity (φ) was 0.44, and the volumetric air content (a) was 0.43.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Measurement Of Constant Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the measurements of O 2 and CO 2 fluxes are important in evaluating the respiration of soil microorganisms and plant root systems. The measurements of volatile losses of nitrogen compounds such as NH 3 , NO, NO 2 , and N 2 O from soils provide information about the nitrogen cycle in agricultural and natural ecosystems, as well as in evaluating efficiencies of fertilizer application. In the last decade or so, environmental concerns have resulted in the need for accurate measurements of fluxes of a variety of gases from soil to the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory and Laboratory Study of a Tall Passive Chamber for Measuring Gas Fluxes at Soil Surface

Gao

Jin

Yates

et al. 2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A tall passive flux chamber with a height significantly greater than its horizontal dimensions is proposed for measuring fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the soil surface. The main feature of this tall chamber is the presence of a vertical concentration gradient of the target gas in the chamber. The emission and transport behavior of the target gas in the soil-chamber system are analyzed using the diffusion theory. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the flux from the soil into the tall chamber, providing the target gas establishes a detectable vertical concentration gradient in the chamber. To obtain the data required for calculating flux, only two gas concentrations (C 1 and C 2 ) at two heights (h 1 and h 2 ) within the chamber need to be measured at the end of a short chamber placement time (t p ). To evaluate the applicability of the tall chamber for measuring flux, several laboratory tests have been conducted, using CH 2 Cl 2

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Chemicals Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Chemicals Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weight of the soil layer was 313.9 g (air-dried). The bulk density (ρ) of the soil layer was 1.48 g/cm 3 , the porosity (φ) was 0.44, and the volumetric air content (a) was 0.43.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Measurement Of Constant Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Theory and Laboratory Study of a Tall Passive Chamber for Measuring Gas Fluxes at Soil Surface

Gao

Jin

Yates

et al. 2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Dicamba off‐target movement from applications on soybeans at two growth stages

Kruger

Alves

Schroeder

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The objective of this study was to evaluate dicamba off‐target movement during and after applications over soybean at two growth stages. Dicamba‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at V3 and R1 growth stages in Nebraska and Mississippi fields were treated with diglycolamine salt of dicamba (560 g ae ha−1), potassium salt of glyphosate (1260 g ae ha−1), and a drift‐reducing adjuvant (0.5% v v−1). Filter papers positioned outside the sprayed area were used to determine primary movement and air samplers positioned at the center of sprayed area were used to calculate dicamba flux from 0.5 up to 68 hours after application (HAA). Flux was calculated using the aerodynamic method. Soybean growth stage did not affect dicamba deposition on filter papers from 8 to 45 m downwind from the sprayed areas. At 33 m downwind (i.e., distance of the labeled buffer zone), a spray drift of less than 0.0091% (0.05 g ae ha−1) of applied rate is estimated. Dicamba secondary movement may not be affected by soybean growth stage during the application. Although dicamba was detected in air samples collected at 68 HAA, the majority of the secondary movement was observed in the first 24 HAA. Dicamba cumulative loss was lower than 0.77% of applied rate. Results suggest the more stable the atmospheric conditions, the higher the dicamba flux. Thus, meteorological conditions after applications must be considered, and tools to predict the occurrence of temperature inversion are needed to minimize secondary movement of dicamba.

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A field comparison of two methods for measuring DCPA soil evaporation rates

Majewski

McChesney

Seiber

1991

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The theoretical‐profile‐shape (TPS) method for estimating pesticide evaporative flux from soil was compared to the aerodynamic‐profile (AD) method in an intraplot field experiment using dacthal (DCPA) herbicide. Flux values measured by the TPS method were approximately 20% higher than values found by the AD method. Linear regression analysis of soil concentration over an 84‐d period showed a soil half‐life of 33.8 d. Of the amount lost from soil, 52 and 36% were accounted for by volatilization with the TPS and AD methods, respectively. The volatilization half‐life of dacthal based on the 21‐d cumulative flux measurements from actual and estimated daily fluxes were 59 and 83 d for the TPS and AD methods, respectively. The results were compared to the 138‐d prediction of a published environmental fate model.

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A field comparison of several methods for measuring pesticide evaporation rates from soil

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Theory and Laboratory Study of a Tall Passive Chamber for Measuring Gas Fluxes at Soil Surface

Theory and Laboratory Study of a Tall Passive Chamber for Measuring Gas Fluxes at Soil Surface

Dicamba off‐target movement from applications on soybeans at two growth stages

A field comparison of two methods for measuring DCPA soil evaporation rates

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