A Field Demonstration of the Effect on Streamflow of Clearing Invasive Pine and Wattle Trees from a Riparian Zone

Dye, P. J.; Poulter, A. G.

doi:10.1080/00382167.1995.9629687

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…By contrast, during the dry season, the upper soil layers were dry and the forest transpiration reached 57 % of the total transpiration, meaning that the riparian forest extracts about six times more water than the other vegetation cover. This result is consistent with former field studies (Dye and Poulter, 1995;Scott, 1999) which showed that the riparian vegetation uses proportionally more water than vegetation further away from the stream. As a result, our study suggests that the total hillslope transpiration is mainly due to the riparian forest in dry season and conversely to the crops during the wet season.…”

Section: Intra-seasonal Variability Of the Transpiration Sourcessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This possible modification of the streamflow generation, derived from the virtual experiment is in agreement with the numerous field studies which demonstrated the increase of the water yield after clear cutting of riparian vegetation (Dunford and Fletcher, 1947;Ingebo, 1971;Dye and Poulter, 1995;Scott, 1999). However, such an extrapolation has to be done carefully because of the complex adaptation of riparian vegetation to new conditions.…”

Section: Synthesis: Overall Schematic Of the Hillslope Hydrodynamic Fsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This situation was already put forward by Séguis et al (2011b) on the Donga catchment (Benin), in which our study site is included. Dye and Poulter (1995) noted that streamflow can also supply the riparian transpiration. In our study, this possibility has not been considered, as the numerical condition at the streambank boundary (seepage) did not allow incoming water flow.…”

Section: Disconnection Between the Deep Groundwater Table And The Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dunford and Fletcher, 1947). Trees within the riparian zone generally use more water than similar trees over the rest of the catchment (Dye and Poulter, 1995;Scott, 1999). White (1932), Gribovszki et al (2008) among many others used the daily fluctuations of the groundwater table to estimate the riparian transpiration.…”

Section: A Richard Et Al: Interplay Of Riparian Forest and Groundwamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Richard

Galle

Descloîtres

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Forests are thought to play an important role in the regional dynamics of the West African monsoon, through their capacity to extract water from a permanent and deep groundwater table to the atmosphere even during the dry season. It should be the case for riparian forests too, as these streambank forests are key landscape elements in Sudanian West Africa. The interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the local hydrodynamics was investigated, by quantifying their contribution to the water balance. Field observations from a comprehensively instrumented hillslope in northern Benin were used. Particular attention was paid to measurements of actual evapotranspiration, soil water and deep groundwater levels. A vertical 2-D hydrological modelling approach using the Hydrus software was used as a testing tool to understand the interactions between the riparian area and the groundwater. The model was calibrated and evaluated using a multi-criteria approach (reference simulation). A virtual experiment, including three other simulations, was designed (no forest, no groundwater, neither forest nor groundwater).The model correctly simulated the hydrodynamics of the hillslope regarding vadose zone dynamics, deep groundwater fluctuation and actual evapotranspiration dynamics. The virtual experiment showed that the riparian forest transpiration depleted the deep groundwater table level and disconnected it from the river, which is consistent with the observations. The riparian forest and the deep groundwater table actually form an interacting transpiration system: the high transpiration rate in the riparian area was shown to be due to the existence of the water table, supplied by downslope lateral water flows within the hillslope soil layer. The simulated riparian transpiration rate was practically steady all year long, around 7.6 mm d −1 . This rate lies within high-end values of similar study results. The riparian forest as simulated here contributes to 37 % of the annual hillslope transpiration, and reaches 57 % in the dry season, whereas it only covers 5 % of the hillslope area.

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Section: Intra-seasonal Variability Of the Transpiration Sourcessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Synthesis: Overall Schematic Of the Hillslope Hydrodynamic Fsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Disconnection Between the Deep Groundwater Table And The Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Richard Et Al: Interplay Of Riparian Forest and Groundwamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Richard

Galle

Descloîtres

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…As the problem of invasive alien trees and their impacts was not restricted to the Western Cape Province (Henderson, 1995;Dye and Poulter, 1995), a study was commissioned to estimate the predicted impact on a national level. This study found that about 10.1 million ha, or 6.8% of South Africa has been invaded to some degree (Versfeld et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive alien trees and water resources in South Africa: case studies of the costs and benefits of management

Maitre¹,

Wilgen²,

Gelderblom³

et al. 2002

Forest Ecology and Management

243

136

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Invasive alien plants are consumptive water-users, and may have reduced river flows in South Africa by about 6.7% according to a broad-scale study. An effective programme to bring the invasions under control would cost about US$ 92 million per year for the next 20 years. This paper reports on studies of four representative catchments (the Sonderend, Keurbooms, Upper Wilge and Sabie-Sand) to assess the impacts and costs of invasions at a scale that is more relevant to managers. Several alien plant species have invaded the catchments. Non-riverine invasions are mainly Pinus and Hakea species in Sonderend and Keurbooms, eucalypts in the Upper Wilge, and pines and scramblers (e.g. Lantana camara) in the Sabie-Sand catchment. Riverine invasions are dominated by Acacia mearnsii and, to a lesser extent, A. dealbata, except in the Sabie-Sand and the lower Sonderend River where Eucalyptus species are important. About 44% of the Sonderend, 54% of the Keurbooms, 2% of the Upper Wilge and 23% of the Sabie-Sand catchments has been invaded to some degree. The corresponding reductions in the natural river flows attributed to these invasions are about 7.2, 22.1, 6.0 and 9.4%. If the invasions are not controlled they could potentially spread, and occupy 51, 77, 70%, respectively, of the first three catchments. At an annual expansion rate of 10-15% this would take about 13, 26 and 63 years, respectively. The invadable areas in the Sabie-Sand catchment are already invaded so invasions will only increase in density. It would take about 26-30 years to reach 100% canopy cover. The projected flow reductions for the four catchments would increase to 41.5, 95.5, 25.1 and 22.3%, respectively. The estimated cost of the control programmes to prevent these losses would be about US$ 13.2, 9.9, 4.1 and 6.6 million for the Sonderend, Keurbooms, Upper Wilge and Sabie-Sand catchments, respectively. Should the catchments be allowed to become fully invaded before control operations were started, then the costs would rise to US$ 86.5, 20.5, 278.0 and 11.1 million, respectively. The impacts and costs are significant and are comparable with those calculated independently for other South African catchments. Water is acknowledged to be a key constraint to economic growth in South Africa and there is considerable pressure for efficient and sustainable use of the limited water resources. The projected impacts would justify control programmes aimed at clearing alien invaders for water conservation. #

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Land Use and Landcover Effects on Runoff Processes: Forest Harvesting and Road Construction

Bruijnzeel

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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The hydrologic impacts of various forestry operations are reviewed, notably the effects of thinning, selective harvesting, clear‐cutting with and without roads, and removal of understorey or riparian vegetation. Thinning and selective logging have a relatively modest effect on amounts of rainfall reaching the forest floor unless at least 70% of the standing biomass is removed. The effect on soil water and streamflow is smaller still, mostly because of the increased vigor of the remaining vegetation. Removing understorey vegetation produces a similarly small effect. The annual water yield is invariably increased in proportion to the amount of biomass harvested, with the exception of forests subject to high fog incidence or old‐growth forest of low vigor. Cutting riparian vegetation produces a larger increase in streamflow (compared to cuts away from the streams) under subhumid conditions and shallow water tables only. The largest seasonal increases in flow after clear‐cutting are normally observed at times when water deficits in the undisturbed forest are highest. The gains in streamflow after clear‐cutting gradually disappear when regrowth is allowed, the effect lasting longer where soils are deeper and forest regeneration slower. Mechanized harvesting practices and road building both increase stormflow volumes and peak discharges. The relative effect diminishes with storm size in the case of clear‐cutting only, but increases in the case of roads only. Similarly, effects of forest cutting per se on stormflows are “diluted” at larger scales, but the effect of the associated road network is not. Various measures are discussed to minimize the adverse hydrologic impacts of timber harvesting operations.

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A Field Demonstration of the Effect on Streamflow of Clearing Invasive Pine and Wattle Trees from a Riparian Zone

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Invasive alien trees and water resources in South Africa: case studies of the costs and benefits of management

Land Use and Landcover Effects on Runoff Processes: Forest Harvesting and Road Construction

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