A field evaluation of the differential tolerance to soil acidity of forty-eight South African maize cultivars

Mendes, Ana Paula Chedid; Farina, M. P. W.; Channon, P.; Smith, Marie F.

doi:10.1080/02571862.1985.10634173

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Some of the properties of this highly weathered and strongly acidic subsoil are listed in Table 1. The sampling site supports a wide range of soil acidity-related field trials with maize and is well documented elsewhere (Mendes et al, 1985;Farina & Channon, 1988). To 200-g subsamples of air-dried soil, 90 ml aliquots of the following solutions were added: distilled water as a control, and 0.4, 1 .O, 4.0 and 10.0 meq dm-3 solutions of each of the following salts; NaCl, KCl, MgCI, and CaCI,.…”

Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation type and ionic strength effects on the solution composition of an acidic subsoil

Manson¹,

Fey

1989

Journal of Soil Science

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Sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium chloride solutions of four concentrations (0.4, 1.0, 4.0, 1O.Omeq dm-3) and distilled water were equilibrated with the highly weathered, acidic subsoil of a Plinthic Paleudult from Natal at a soi1:solution ratio of 2.2: 1, then separated by centrifugation with an immiscible liquid and analysed for inorganic solutes. With each salt, increasing ionic strength resulted in lower solution-pH (the maximum pH was 4.95 in the distilled water equilibration) and higher aluminium concentration and activity. These effects were much less marked for sodium (maximum ApH of 0.47) than for the other cations (maximum ApH of 0.83) and both the concentration and activity of aluminium were correspondingly lower (by tenfold at the highest chloride concentration) in the sodium solutions.Irrespective of the nature or concentration of the electrolyte added, pH and the activities of AI3+ and silica in solution were consistently interrelated in a way which suggests that equilibrium with the gibbsite and poorly crystalline kaolinite in this soil had been closely approached. The results provide a basis for anticipating the effect of infiltrating solutions of fertilizer salts on subsoil acidity and suggest that a beneficial effect may accrue from the presence of sodium in the cation suite of acid soils.

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Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation type and ionic strength effects on the solution composition of an acidic subsoil

Manson¹,

Fey

1989

Journal of Soil Science

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“…Mendes et al (1984) found cultivar differences in aluminium (Al) tolerance while evaluating a rapid screening procedure. These differences were confirmed by field evaluation of 48 maize cultivars (Mendes et al, 1985) and Bennet et al (1985a;1985b) studied Al toxicity in the maize plant and questioned the concept of Al acting directly on cell division. They found that Al has a rapid inhibitory effect on the metabolic activity of certain cells.…”

Section: Soil Aciditymentioning

confidence: 96%

Maize fertilizer research over the last 25 years – an overview

Biljon

2010

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Maize yield as well as fertilizer practices have changed over the last 25 years. Average maize yield for South Africa increased from approximately 2.3 tons ha-1 in the early 1980s to approximately 3.5 tons ha-1 in recent years. The early 1970s to the middle 1990s can be seen as a "boom period" for maize fertilizer research in South Africa. Up until 1995, fertilizer research was grouped in specific projects with clearly defined goals and a definite direction. Research was to a large extent pro-active. This research approach is no longer clearly visible and it has become largely reactive, with emphasis on ad hoc problem solving instead of goal oriented research. Such an ad hoc approach can cost us dearly because there will be no real research progress. This paper also gives an overview of research over the last 25 years on soil acidity, macronutrients (N, P and K), secondary nutrients (S, Ca and Mg), micronutrients (Zn) and other contributions (long-term trials and fertilizer placement). The reduction in maize fertilizer research is of concern when seen against the background of the regional and continental importance of maize. Well planned nutrition research can ensure food security and nutrition security both locally and in other parts of the continent, provided there are clear goals and direction, adequate funding, proper management and coordination. Fragmented, ad hoc trials will not create prosperity for all in the region.

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“…Maize production on very acidic soils can be improved considerably by exploiting the genetic tolerance of -maize to aluminium (Farina, Mendes, Gevers & Channon, 1982;Mendes, Farina, Channon & Smith, 1985). Soil acidity is a primary yield limiting factor in the eastern, moister and potentially higher-producing maize areas of South Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance class boundaries between tolerant, intermediate and intolerant cultivars were established as follows: each cultivar was categorized as 'tolerant' if its average yield exceeded the mean of all cultivars by more than one standard error, 'intolerant' if its average yield fell below one standard error of the overall mean, and otherwise 'intermediate'. Differences between the resultant three classes were tested for statistical significance using the F-Procedure A field experiment was conducted at Geluksburg, Natal, to compare the acid tolerance of forty-eight maize cultivars (hybrids) under dryland conditions (Mendes et at., 1985). Cultivars were compared in terms of three main criteria, namely, grain yield, plant height and leaf aluminium content at four levels of lime, one being a control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multivariate approach to a specific problem of grouping maize cultivars

Smith¹

1990

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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The use of multivariate techniques in the analysis of multivariate problems is illustrated by comparing the results of univariate and multivariate techniques applied to the problem of establishing the nutritional requirements of, and the acid tolerance differences between maize cultivars. Forty-eight maize cultivars were statistically separated into three groups, tolerant, intermediate and intolerant, using a univariate approach. A principal components analysis was then carried out to study the grouping at a mUltivariate level. The variates included were grain yield, plant height and ten leaf chemical analyses: AI, Mg, P, Ca, K, Mn, Zn, Fe, N and Cu. A non-hierarchical classification was applied to classify cultivars into the three tolerance classes. The univariate method resulted in different groupings for each variate under study, while the multivariate approach ensured one single classification of all cultivars into the three groups. Die noodsaaklikheid vir die gebruik van meerveranderlike tegnieke om meerveranderlike probleme te anal i-. seer word beskryf deur die result ate te vergelyk van eenveranderlike teenoor meerveranderlike tegnieke wat op plantvoedingsproefdata toegepas is. Die doel van die proef was om die voedingsbenodighede en suurverdraagsaamheidsverskille tussen mielie cultivars te bepaal. Agt-en-veertig mielie cultivars is statisties verdeel in drie groepe, nl. verdraagsaam, intermedier en onverdraagsaam, op 'n eenveranderlike wyse. 'n Hoofkomponentanalise op die data stel is toegepas en twaalf veranderlikes is ingesluit, nl. graan opbrengs, plant hoogte en tien blaar chemiese analises: AI, Mg, P, Ca, K, Mn, Zn, Fe, N en Cu. Om die groepering verder op'n meerveranderlike vlak te bestudeer is 'n trosanalise toegepas om 'n klassifikasie van die cultivars in die drie groepe te verkry. Daar word aangedui hoe die eenveranderlike tegniek verskeie groeperings vir elke veranderlike verkry, terwyl die meerveranderlike benadering verseker dat 'n enkele klassifikasie verkry word vir al die cultivars.

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A field evaluation of the differential tolerance to soil acidity of forty-eight South African maize cultivars

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Cation type and ionic strength effects on the solution composition of an acidic subsoil

Cation type and ionic strength effects on the solution composition of an acidic subsoil

Maize fertilizer research over the last 25 years – an overview

A multivariate approach to a specific problem of grouping maize cultivars

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