A Field Study of Serum, Colostrum, Milk Iodine, and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Postpartum Draft Mares and Foals

Lopez-Rodriguez, Maria Fernanda; Cymbaluk, Nadia F.; Epp, Tasha; Laarveld, B.; Thrasher, Mikhaela; Card, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103018

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the fact that glucosinolates have a variety of health benefits, consuming vegetables and/or seeds from the Brassicaceae family exclusively or excessively has been linked to harmful effects [ 85 , 92 ]. High levels of GSLs have been linked to a variety of harmful consequences, including an enlarged thyroid, decreased plasma thyroid hormone levels, organ abnormalities (liver and kidney), impaired growth, diminished reproductive performance, and even death [ 85 , 93 ]. The enzyme myrosinase converts glucosinolates into a number of derivatives such as thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, and epithionitriles during the mastication process [ 85 , 94 ].…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicants and the Role of Food Processing Methods in Their Detoxification

Urugo¹,

Tringo

2023

International Journal of Food Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some plant foods evolve defense mechanisms to protect themselves from predators by producing inherent chemicals as secondary metabolites such as cyanogenic glycosides, glycoalkaloids, glucosinolates, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and lectins. These metabolites are beneficial for the plant itself but toxic to other organisms, including human beings. Some of these toxic chemicals are believed to have therapeutic benefits and are therefore used to protect against chronic health complications such as cancer. Inversely, short- and long-term exposure to significant amounts of these phytotoxins may end up with chronic irreversible negative health problems in important organ systems, and in severe cases, they can be carcinogenic and fatal. A systematic literature search of relevant published articles indexed in Google Scholar®, PubMed®, Scopus®, Springer Link®, Web of Science®, MDPI®, and ScienceDirect databases was used to obtain the necessary information. Various traditional and emerging food-processing techniques have been found to considerably reduce most of the toxicants in the food to their safest level. Despite their ability to preserve the nutritional value of processed foods, emerging food processing methods have limited application and accessibility in middle- and low-income countries. As a consequence, much more work is recommended on the implementation of emerging technologies, with additional scientific work on food processing methods that are effective against these naturally occurring plant food toxicants, particularly pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

show abstract

Section: Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicants and the Role of Food Processing Methods in Their Detoxification

Urugo¹,

Tringo

2023

International Journal of Food Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Basal thyroid hormone levels of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) from the mare JV, UV and the foal JV at T0, T24 and T72 were determined using the Siemen's Immulite TT3 and TT4 kits (Immulite Canine TT3 and TT4; Siemens, Oakville, ON, Canada) validated for use with equine serum at the Endocrine Laboratory, Prairie Diagnostic Services, Saskatoon, SK [25,26]. The analytical sensitivity of the TT3 Immulite assay is 0.54 nmol/L.…”

Section: Measurement Of Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period—Part 1: Healthy Foals Born from Normal Pregnancy and Parturition

Ellero

Lanci

Baldassarro

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of trophic factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during the perinatal period, is now emerging. Through their functional activities of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, they play a key role in the final maturation of the nervous and vascular systems. The present study aims to: (i) evaluate the NGF and VEGF levels obtained at parturition from the mare, foal and umbilical cord vein plasma, as well as in amniotic fluid; (ii) evaluate NGF and VEGF content in the plasma of healthy foals during the first 72 h of life (T0, T24 and T72); (iii) evaluate NGF and VEGF levels at parturition in relation to the selected mares’ and foals’ clinical parameters; (iv) evaluate the relationship between the two trophic factors and the thyroid hormone levels (TT3 and TT4) in the first 72 h of life; (v) assess mRNA expression of NGF, VEGF and BDNF and their cell surface receptors in the placenta. Fourteen Standardbred healthy foals born from mares with normal pregnancies and parturitions were included in the study. The dosage of NGF and VEGF levels was performed using commercial ELISA kits, whereas NGF, VEGF and BDNF placental gene expression was performed using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. In foal plasma, both NGF and VEGF levels decreased significantly over time, from T0 to T24 (p = 0.0066 for NGF; p < 0.0001 for VEGF) and from T0 to T72 (p = 0.0179 for NGF; p = 0.0016 for VEGF). In foal serum, TT3 levels increased significantly over time from T0 to T24 (p = 0.0058) and from T0 to T72 (p = 0.0013), whereas TT4 levels decreased significantly over time from T0 to T24 (p = 0.0201) and from T0 to T72 (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found in the levels of NGF and VEGF in foal plasma at each time point (p = 0.0115; r = 0.2862). A positive correlation was found between NGF levels in the foal plasma at T0 and lactate (p = 0.0359; r = 0.5634) as well as between VEGF levels in the foal plasma at T0 and creatine kinase (p = 0.0459; r = 0.5407). VEGF was expressed in all fetal membranes, whereas NGF and its receptors were not expressed in the amnion. The close relationship between the two trophic factors in foal plasma over time and their fine expression in placental tissues appear to be key regulators of fetal development and adaptation to extra-uterine life.

show abstract

“…As described in Part 1 of the study [23], basal thyroid hormone levels of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) from the mare JV, UV, and the foal JV at T0, T24, and T72 were determined using the Siemen's Immulite TT3 and TT4 kits (Immulite Canine TT3 and TT4; Siemens, Oakville, ON, Canada) validated for use with equine serum at the Endocrine Laboratory, Prairie Diagnostic Services, Saskatoon, SK [32,33]. The analytical sensitivity was 0.54 nmol/L for the TT3 assay and 0.15 nmol/L for the TT4 assay.…”

Section: Measurement Of Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period—Part 2: Foals Affected by Neonatal Encephalopathy

Ellero

Lanci

Baldassarro

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) may be caused by hypoxic ischemic insults or inflammatory insults and modified by innate protective or excitatory mechanisms. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is important in formulating a rational approach to diagnosis. The preliminary aim was to clinically characterize a population of foals spontaneously affected by NE. The study aimed to: (i) evaluate nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in plasma samples obtained in the affected population at parturition from the mare’s jugular vein, umbilical cord vein and foal’s jugular vein, as well as in amniotic fluid; (ii) evaluate the NGF and VEGF content in the plasma of foals affected by NE during the first 72 h of life/hospitalization; (iii) evaluate NGF and VEGF levels at birth/admission in relation to selected mare’s and foal’s clinical parameters; (iv) evaluate the relationship between the two trophic factors and thyroid hormone levels (TT3 and TT4) in the first 72 h of life/hospitalization; and (v) assess the mRNA expression of NGF, VEGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and their cell surface receptors, in the placenta of mares that delivered foals affected by NE. Thirteen affected foals born from mares hospitalized for peripartum monitoring (group NE) and twenty affected foals hospitalized after birth (group exNE) were included in the study. Dosage of NGF and VEGF levels was performed using commercial ELISA kits, whereas NGF, VEGF, and BDNF placental gene expression was performed using a semi-quantitative real-time PCR. In group NE, NGF levels decreased significantly from T0 to T24 (p = 0.0447) and VEGF levels decreased significantly from T0 to T72 (p = 0.0234), whereas in group exNE, only NGF levels decreased significantly from T0 to T24 (p = 0.0304). Compared to healthy foals, a significant reduction of TT3 levels was observed in both NE (T24, p = 0.0066; T72 p = 0.0003) and exNE (T0, p = 0.0082; T24, p < 0.0001; T72, p < 0.0001) groups, whereas a significant reduction of TT4 levels was observed only in exNE group (T0, p = 0.0003; T24, p = 0.0010; T72, p = 0.0110). In group NE, NGF levels were positively correlated with both TT3 (p = 0.0475; r = 0.3424) and TT4 levels (p = 0.0063; r = 0.4589). In the placenta, a reduced expression of NGF in the allantois (p = 0.0033) and a reduced expression of BDNF in the amnion (p = 0.0498) were observed. The less pronounced decrease of the two trophic factors compared to healthy foals, their relationship with thyroid hormones over time, and the reduced expression of NGF and BDNF in placental tissues of mares that delivered affected foals, could be key regulators in the mechanisms of equine NE.

show abstract

A Field Study of Serum, Colostrum, Milk Iodine, and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Postpartum Draft Mares and Foals

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicants and the Role of Food Processing Methods in Their Detoxification

Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicants and the Role of Food Processing Methods in Their Detoxification

Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period—Part 1: Healthy Foals Born from Normal Pregnancy and Parturition

Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period—Part 2: Foals Affected by Neonatal Encephalopathy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About