A field test investigating the influence of brood stock origin and ploidy on the susceptibility of Crassostrea virginica to “triploid mortality” in the Chesapeake Bay

Matt, Joseph L.; Guévélou, Éric; Small, Jessica; Allen, Standish K.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735375

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, Wadsworth et al (2019) found higher cumulative mortality in triploid C. virginica than diploids across growing sites within the Gulf of Mexico; mortalities were associated with sudden drops in salinity (< 5 ppt) and high temperature (> 30°C). The presence of multiple stressors preceding mortality events is consistent with both Guévélou et al (2019) and Matt et al (2020), who have noted that C. virginica triploid mortalities observed within Chesapeake Bay, VA are not correlated with the presence of elevated seawater temperature alone. Instead, common farm stressors, including tumbling stress and desiccation, as well as hyposalinity have been shown to contribute to triploid mortality (Bodenstein, 2019;Bodenstein et al, 2021Bodenstein et al, , 2023.…”

Section: Triploid Oysters Display Higher Mortality Rates Within Multi...supporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, field assessments of triploid and diploid oyster survivorship over the course of a growing cycle suggest that summer mortality is more complicated than would be expected from differences in thermal tolerance limits alone. Triploid C. gigas, C. virginica, and C. hongkongensis have been shown to exhibit lower (Gagnaire et al, 2006;Qin et al, 2019), higher (Bodenstein et al, 2021(Bodenstein et al, , 2023Guévélou et al, 2019;Houssin et al, 2019;Matt, 2018;Matt et al, 2020;Wadsworth, 2018;Wadsworth et al, 2019), and comparable (Dégremont et al, 2012;Ibarra et al, 2017) mortality rates when compared with diploids depending on the environmental conditions present. For example, Wadsworth et al (2019) found higher cumulative mortality in triploid C. virginica than diploids across growing sites within the Gulf of Mexico; mortalities were associated with sudden drops in salinity (< 5 ppt) and high temperature (> 30°C).…”

Section: Triploid Oysters Display Higher Mortality Rates Within Multi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in practice, triploids can experience enhanced mortality when compared with diploids grown under the same field conditions (known as ‘triploid mortality’). Triploid mortalities have been observed in France (Houssin et al, 2019), as well as the Eastern (Guévélou et al, 2019; Matt, 2018; Matt et al, 2020), Southern (Wadsworth, 2018; Wadsworth et al, 2019) and Western (Tim Morris, Pacific Seafood; Paul Taylor, Taylor Shellfish Co.; Kurt Grinnell, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, personal communications) coasts of the United States, resulting in substantial economic losses. While the selective mortality of triploid oysters has been linked to environmental variability at specific sites ( C. virginica: Bodenstein et al, 2021; Guévélou et al, 2019; C. gigas: B. Eudeline, Taylor Shellfish, personal communication), it remains unclear whether ploidy manipulation, and the physiological and transcriptomic perturbations that result, enhance or decrease the risk of summer mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following marine heatwaves

George

Cattau

Middleton

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Polyploidy has been shown to negatively impact environmental stress tolerance, resulting in increased susceptibility to extreme climate events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). In this study, we used the response of the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasto MHWs as a model system to identify key ploidy-specific differences in the physiological and transcriptomic response of oysters to environmental stress. In this study, adult diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) oysters were exposed to elevated seawater temperature (single stressor; 30°C), elevated temperature followed by acute desiccation stress (multiple stressor; 30°C + emersion at an aerial temperature of 44°C for 4h), or a control (17°C) within a hatchery setting. Oyster mortality rate was elevated within stress treatments with respect to the control and was significantly higher in triploids than diploids following multiple stress exposure (36.4% vs. 14.8%). Triploids within the multiple stressor treatment exhibited signs of energetic limitation, including metabolic depression, a significant reduction in ctenidium Na+/K+ATPase activity, and the dysregulated expression of key genes associated with heat tolerance, the inhibition of apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Functional enrichment analysis of ploidy-specific gene sets identified that biological processes associated with metabolism, stress tolerance, and immune function were overrepresented within triploids across stress treatments. Our results demonstrate that triploidy impacts the transcriptional regulation of key metabolic processes that underly the environmental stress response of Pacific oysters, resulting in downstream shifts in physiological tolerance limits that may be detrimental to survival. The impact of chromosome set manipulation on the climate resilience of marine populations has important implications for the adaptability of marine populations and domestic food security within future climate scenarios, especially as triploidy induction becomes an increasingly popular tool to elicit reproductive control across a wide range of marine organisms used within marine aquaculture.

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Section: Triploid Oysters Display Higher Mortality Rates Within Multi...supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Triploid Oysters Display Higher Mortality Rates Within Multi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following marine heatwaves

George

Cattau

Middleton

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example Wadsworth et al (2019) found higher cumulative mortality in triploid C. virginica than diploids across growing sites within the Gulf of Mexico; mortalities were associated with sudden drops in salinity (<5 ppt) and high temperature (>30°C). The presence of multiple stressors preceding mortality events is consistent with both Guévélou et al (2019) and Matt et al (2020), who have noted that C. virginica triploid mortalities within Chesapeake Bay, VA are not correlated with the presence of elevated seawater temperature alone. Instead, common farm stressors, including tumbling stress and desiccation, as well as hyposalinity have been shown to contribute to triploid mortality (Bodenstein, 2019; Bodenstein et al, 2021, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Triploid C. gigas , C. virginica , and C. hongkongensis have been shown to exhibit lower (Gagnaire et al, 2006; Qin et al, 2019), higher (Bodenstein et al, 2021, 2023; Guévélou et al, 2019; Houssin et al, 2019; Matt, 2018; Matt et al, 2020; Wadsworth, 2018; Wadsworth et al, 2019), and comparable (Dégremont et al, 2012; Ibarra et al, 2017) mortality rates when compared with diploids depending on the environmental conditions present. For example Wadsworth et al (2019) found higher cumulative mortality in triploid C. virginica than diploids across growing sites within the Gulf of Mexico; mortalities were associated with sudden drops in salinity (<5 ppt) and high temperature (>30°C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following heatwaves

George

Cattau

Middleton

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Polyploidy has been suggested to negatively impact environmental stress tolerance, resulting in increased susceptibility to extreme climate events. In this study, we compared the genomic and physiological response of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to conditions present during an atmospheric heatwave that impacted the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States in the summer of 2021. Climate stressors were applied either singly (single stressor; elevated seawater temperature, 30°C) or in succession (multiple stressor; elevated seawater temperature followed by aerial emersion at 44°C), replicating conditions present within the intertidal over a tidal cycle during the event. Oyster mortality rate was elevated within stress treatments with respect to the control and was significantly higher in triploids than diploids following multiple stress exposure (36.4% vs. 14.8%). Triploids within the multiple stressor treatment exhibited signs of energetic limitation, including metabolic depression, a significant reduction in ctenidium Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and the dysregulated expression of genes associated with stress response, innate immunity, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Functional enrichment analysis of ploidy‐specific gene sets identified that biological processes associated with metabolism, stress tolerance, and immune function were overrepresented within triploids across stress treatments. Our results suggest that triploidy impacts the transcriptional regulation of key processes that underly the stress response of Pacific oysters, resulting in downstream shifts in physiological tolerance limits that may increase susceptibility to extreme climate events that present multiple environmental stressors. The impact of chromosome set manipulation on the climate resilience of marine organisms has important implications for domestic food security within future climate scenarios, especially as triploidy induction becomes an increasingly popular tool to elicit reproductive control across a wide range of species used within marine aquaculture.

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Simulation analysis of high-throughput oyster cryopreservation at three scales of production

Bodenstein

Nahmens²,

Callam

et al. 2023

Aquacult Int

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Cryopreservation and germplasm repositories offer a variety of potential benefits to aquaculture industries. Despite this, no comprehensive repository systems exist for any prominent aquaculture species. A species that could greatly benefit from the use of cryopreserved sperm and repository storage is the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica . High-throughput cryopreservation protocols already exist for this species, and the easy transport of frozen sperm could facilitate selective breeding programs that address pressing challenges currently faced in the industry, such as mortality due to low-salinity conditions. This study addressed the gap between cryopreservation protocols and repository development in the oyster industry by creating simulation models to evaluate cryopreservation needs at three different scales of production. The effects of high-throughput device options and three key parameters (straws per oyster, batch size, and number of operators) on production capacity, time, and cost were evaluated. Recommendations for decisions concerning cryopreservation pathways and repository creation were given at each scale of production. Relative values of broodstock, juvenile oysters, and oyster sperm sold at hatcheries were also discussed. In general, repositories operating at higher production levels benefited from the economy of scale, could use automated high-throughput equipment options, and could hire more labor without drastically increasing production costs.

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A field test investigating the influence of brood stock origin and ploidy on the susceptibility of Crassostrea virginica to “triploid mortality” in the Chesapeake Bay

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following marine heatwaves

Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following marine heatwaves

Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following heatwaves

Simulation analysis of high-throughput oyster cryopreservation at three scales of production

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