A fifteen month study of <i>Escherichia coli</i> 

O157:H7 in a dairy herd

Mechie, S. C.; Chapman, P. A.; Siddons, C. A.

doi:10.1017/s0950268896007194

Cited by 232 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…EHEC O157 can be isolated from various animals such as cattle [2,4,5,8,9,12,16,23], sheep [6], deer [1], and so on. In particular, it is often isolated from faeces of cattle showing no clinical signs of disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it is often isolated from faeces of cattle showing no clinical signs of disease. It was reported that the prevalence of EHEC O157 in cattle was 0.2-28% in the United States [7,8,23], 1.9% in Australia [5], and 4.2-20% in Europe [2,4,9,16]. Therefore, cattle can harbour the organisms in their faeces and are regarded as a natural reservoir and source of infection [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Ezawa

Gocho

Kawata

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 was examined in bovine faeces. EHEC O157 was isolated from the faeces of 42 (13.0%) of 324 cattle. Of the 4 farms and the facilities tested, the 3 farms and the facilities wer e found positive for EHEC O157. The highest isolation rate among the farms was 33.7%. The prevalence of EHEC O157 in heifers was higher than that in calves and other cattle. No cattle positive for EHEC O157 showed any clinical signs except 2 calves with diarrhea in a veterinary hospital. Almost all isolates possessed the stx gene, and Stx-positive strains carrying both stx 1 and stx 2 genes were predominant. These results indicate that EHEC O157 are distributed in bovine faeces, and that dairy and beef farms in selected regions of Japan are heavily contaminated with the organisms. KEY WORDS: cattle, EHEC O157, prevalence.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Ezawa

Gocho

Kawata

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Generally, healthy domestic animals are important natural reservoirs of human STEC infection [6], and direct or indirect contact with animals and their products, such as feces and slurry, have been implicated in several human cases of STEC infection [7,12,20,31]. We genetically examined different types of STEC, isolated from four sheep [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Excretion of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Experimental Infection of a Sheep with O157.

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. To investigate a long-term shedding of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from sheep, a fifteen-month study for STEC isolation from a sheep, which had yielded STEC before, was attempted. The sheep continued to shed STEC and 39 STEC were isolated. The number of STEC in the feces was estimated at 1.7 × 10 3 per gram. In addition, although Stx1-negative O157 and stx2-encoding bacteriophage were experimentally infected to the sheep, Stx-positive O157 or Stx2-producing bacterial cells were not detected. The genetical and biochemical characterization of those 39 STEC strains showed that all STEC strains produced Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and were divided into three classes (I to III Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is associated with infectious diseases in humans and animals. Although the predominant STEC serotype associated with human infection is O157:H7 [6], non-O157 STEC can also cause human diseases [1,11]. Most STEC are non-pathogenic for animals, which result in such healthy animals as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, dogs and cats [5,15,21,25,27], harboring STEC asymptomatically, while several STEC serotypes cause diseases in pigs and calves [4]. STEC survive in bovine and ovine slurry for a long time and can retain the potential to produce Stx [10,12]. Therefore, animals with STEC may be a major reservoir of human STEC infection. Generally, STEC is detected in 0.3-9.9% of cattle and in 0.9-49% of sheep [3,6,15,30]. When STEC was experimentally inoculated to sheep, it was excreted for up to 50 days [13,14,16]. These results strongly suggest that, as STEC might colonizeeasily in sheep, sheep might be an important reservoir of STEC that infect humans. In this study, we focused on the sheep from which STEC (serotypes O153:H25 and O2:Hnt) was isolated in July and November 1997, respectively [3], to examine its continued shedding of STEC, and also, the role of sheep in human STEC infection was discussed from the DNA analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sheep:A three-year-old male sheep, which was identified as a STEC carrying natural host in our previous paper [3], was fed individually on enough alfalfa pellets, dry wheat, hay and water freely during the study.Isolation of STEC by enrichment during 13 months: Five pieces of fresh feces were randomly collected from the sheep once a month for 13 months. STEC was isolated mainly by the method previously described [3]. Briefly, 1.0 g of each sample was inoculated into 10 ml of Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Difco Lab., Detroit., MI, U.S.A.) supplemented with 5.0 µg/ml of vancomycin, followed by 20 hr of incubation at 37°C with shaking. Then, 0.1 ml of the culture was inoculated into 5 ml of BHI, followed by additional 6 hr of incubation at 37°C with shaking. One ml of the enrichment culture was screened by PCR with stx common primers [19]. PCR-positive culture samples were then inoculated to DHL agar (Eiken Co., Ltd., Tokyo) plates to produce discrete colonies, and 500 red colonies were used for colony hybridization by using a ...

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“…Carriage of E. coli 0157 by the cattle in the herd was monitored over the IS-month period immediately following the outbreak to examine seasonal, age and management factors affecting faecal excretion of the organism (Mechie et al 1997). Between May 1993 and July 1994, 26 visits were made to the farm to collect a total of 3593 rectal swabs from cows, heifers and calves and 329 milk samples.…”

Section: Unpasteurized Milk As a Source Of Infection In 1993mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and experiences over the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK

Chapman¹

2000

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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SUMMARY In the first documented outbreak of HC caused by Escherichia coli O157, which occurred in the North‐west USA in 1982, there was a strong association between infection and prior consumption of ground beef from a chain of fast food restaurants. Foods of bovine origin, including beef, milk and dairy products, have since been implicated in many outbreaks of infection world‐wide. Investigations during the course of outbreaks, or at random, have shown that cattle are a major reservoir of E. coli O157. E. coli O157 was isolated from cattle at slaughter in Sheffield in 1987, this being the first isolation from cattle in the UK. Following a cluster of cases in May/June 1992, an abattoir study showed the organism to be present in 4% of cattle at slaughter and on up to a third of carcasses from rectal swab‐positive animals. E. coli O157 was isolated from a food source (unpasteurized milk), for the first time in the UK, in Sheffield in May 1993. During surveillance in 1995–6, E. coli O157 was isolated from 157% of cattle, with a monthly prevalence which varied from 5 to 37%. E. coli O157 was also isolated from 22% of sheep. During surveillance in 1996, E. coli O157 was isolated from 59% of samples of lamb products and from 15% of samples of beef products, despite the prevalence in cattle being much higher than in sheep. Work is in progress to try to explain this higher prevalence in lamb products. During 1997 in Sheffield, the only cases of E. coli O157 for which a confirmed source was established were associated with direct animal contact on farm visits. During on‐farm investigations of these cases, E. coli O157 was isolated from faecal samples from adult cattle, calves, three different breeds of sheep, two different breeds of pigs, goats and a pony.

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A fifteen month study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd

Cited by 232 publications

References 17 publications

High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Long-Term Excretion of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Experimental Infection of a Sheep with O157.

Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and experiences over the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK

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