“…High quality sensing of 3D forces at the fingertip requires fine resolution, low hysteresis, high precision, high linearity, resistance to fatigue effects, low package mass, and low cost. There are plenty of research devices that capture fine forces, but they only detect 1 DOF [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and/or do not report detailed sensor performance [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. There have been several attempts in the academic literature to capture fine 3D force signals from the fingertips with clear performance measures.…”