A first European scale multimedia fate modelling of BDE-209 from 1970 to 2020

Earnshaw, Mark; Jones, Kevin C.; Sweetman, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.011

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Our model requires the initial phase of the emissions to be specified. Gas-phase emissions represent releases of chemicals via volatilization (as a result of, e.g., combustion) whereas emissions as the aerosol phase could occur, for example, from physical abrasion. − The model includes compartments for two size fractions of aerosols with different deposition rates and properties, so we further divided aerosol-bound emission into emissions as the fine (diameter < 1 μm) and coarse aerosol (1 μm < diameter < 20 μm) phases . Since our focus is on studying the distribution of chemicals between the gas and aerosol phases rather than absolute concentrations, all model scenarios were run assuming arbitrary generic emission rates of 1 kg of chemical per hour.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Zhao

Riipinen

MacLeod

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Assuming equilibrium partitioning between the gas and particle phases has been shown to overestimate the fraction of low-volatility chemicals in the particle phase. Here, we present a new steady-state mass balance model that includes separate compartments for fine and coarse aerosols and the gas phase and study its sensitivity to the input parameters. We apply the new model to investigate deviations from equilibrium partitioning by exploring model scenarios for seven generic aerosol scenarios representing different environments and different distributions of emissions as the gas phase, fine aerosol, and coarse aerosol. With 100% of emissions as the particle phase, the particle–gas concentration ratio in our model is similar to the equilibrium model, while differences are up to a factor of 10 6 with 100% of emissions as the gas phase. The particle–gas concentration ratios also depend on the particle size distributions and aerosol loadings in the different environmental scenarios. The new mass balance model can predict the particle–gas concentration ratio with more fidelity to measurements than equilibrium models. However, further laboratory-based evaluations and calibrations of the standard sampling techniques, field investigations with preferably size-resolved measurements of aerosol particle composition, together with the appropriate process modeling for low-volatility chemicals are warranted.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Zhao

Riipinen

MacLeod

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been produced and applied extensively as additive brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in various consumer products, such as plastics, textiles, and electronic equipment, in recent decades [1–3], as they are not chemically bond to materials and can be easily released into environment during production, use, disposal, and recycling process. PBDEs are highly hydrophobic and bioaccumulative [4–6] and have the propensity to enter the gas phase at ambient conditions and undergo long-range atmospheric transport [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine System, with Emphasis on Marine Organisms and Sediments

Zhang

Wang

Song

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), due to their widespread usage as flame retardants and their lipophilicity and persistence, have become ubiquitous in the environment. It is urgent to understand the environmental characteristics of PBDEs in marine system, but they have attracted little attention. We summarize the available data and analyze the regional distributions, controlling factors, and congener patterns of PBDEs in marine and associated environmental matrixes worldwide. Based on meta-analysis, after separating the estuarial sites from the marine sites, ignoring the extraordinary sample sites such as those located just near the point source, the PBDE concentration levels are still in the same order of magnitude from global scale. Despite Principal Component Analysis, the congener patterns of sediments are predominant with the heavy brominated congeners (BDE-209 contributing over 75% to the total load) while the biota abound with the light ones (BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100 taking about 80%). The ratio between BDE-99 and BDE-100 for the lower trophic-level species often turns to be greater than 1, while for those higher species the ratio may be below 1, and some species feed mainly on the crustaceans and zooplankton seems to have a higher ratio value. The data of the PBDEs in marine system are currently limited; thus, data gaps are identified as well.

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“…If a model can reproduce eld data (collected under conditions that correspond to the assumptions and settings in the model), this strongly increases the credibility of the model and demonstrates that the model is suitable for the chemical and environmental system considered. Results from fate and exposure models have oen been found to agree well with eld data; this includes at the global level, 63,[106][107][108][109][110][111] and at the continental level [112][113][114][115] for selected persistent organic pollutants, and also in local and regional systems, such as the cases of diuron in a small, highly dynamic tropical catchment, 116 plant protection products in agricultural catchments at different scales, [117][118][119][120][121] PBDEs in a Swiss lake, 122 and PCBs in the Adriatic Sea. 123…”

Section: Model Evaluation By Comparison To Eld Datamentioning

confidence: 53%

Environmental fate and exposure models: advances and challenges in 21^st century chemical risk assessment

Guardo

Gouin

MacLeod

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Environmental fate and exposure models are a powerful means to integrate information on chemicals, their partitioning and degradation behaviour, the environmental scenario and the emissions in order to compile a picture of chemical distribution and fluxes in the multimedia environment. A 1995 pioneering book, resulting from a series of workshops among model developers and users, reported the main advantages and identified needs for research in the field of multimedia fate models. Considerable efforts were devoted to their improvement in the past 25 years and many aspects were refined; notably the inclusion of nanomaterials among the modelled substances, the development of models at different spatial and temporal scales, the estimation of chemical properties and emission data, the incorporation of additional environmental media and processes, the integration of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the simulations. However, some challenging issues remain and require research efforts and attention: the need of methods to estimate partition coefficients for polar and ionizable chemical in the environment, a better description of bioavailability in different environments as well as the requirement of injecting more ecological realism in exposure predictions to account for the diversity of ecosystem structures and functions in risk assessment. Finally, to transfer new scientific developments into the realm of regulatory risk assessment, we propose the formation of expert groups that compare, discuss and recommend model modifications and updates and help develop practical tools for risk assessment.

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A first European scale multimedia fate modelling of BDE-209 from 1970 to 2020

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Environmental Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine System, with Emphasis on Marine Organisms and Sediments

Environmental fate and exposure models: advances and challenges in 21^st century chemical risk assessment

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A first European scale multimedia fate modelling of BDE-209 from 1970 to 2020

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Steady-State Mass Balance Model for Predicting Particle–Gas Concentration Ratios of PBDEs

Environmental Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine System, with Emphasis on Marine Organisms and Sediments

Environmental fate and exposure models: advances and challenges in 21st century chemical risk assessment

Contact Info

Product

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Environmental fate and exposure models: advances and challenges in 21^st century chemical risk assessment