A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

Wright, Kate; Gale, Julian D.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.03.014

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The strong anti-correlation between Zn and Fe (R 2 = −0.96; Figure 9b) in our data support specific studies on trace element incorporation in sphalerite [6,8,51,52], which is suggestive of a direct substitution of divalent cations as Zn 2+ ↔Fe 2+ (Figure 8c). Moreover, Figure 10 shows that the strong negative correlation is observed among (Cd + In + Sn + Sb + Fe + Mn + Cu + Ga + Ge + Ag + Co) and Zn (R 2 = −0.94), which suggests that those trace elements (Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ag and Co) mainly exist in the form of isomorphism in sphalerite that is thought to be involved in the mechanism of their enrichment in sphalerite [4,5,53,54].…”

Section: Trace Element Substitution Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 90%

Trace Element Contents in Sphalerite from the Nayongzhi Zn-Pb Deposit, Northwestern Guizhou, China: Insights into Incorporation Mechanisms, Metallogenic Temperature and Ore Genesis

et al. 2018

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The Nayongzhi Zn-Pb deposit, located in the southeastern margin of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (S-Y-G) Zn-Pb metallogenic province, China, has been recently discovered in this region and has an estimated resource of 1.52 Mt of metal at average grades of 4.82 wt % Zn and 0.57 wt % Pb. The ore bodies are hosted in the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation dolostone and occur as stratiform, stratoid and steeply dipping veins. The predominant minerals are sphalerite, galena, dolomite, calcite with minor pyrite, and barite. In this paper, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique has been used to investigate the concentrations of Fe, Cd, Ge, Ga, Cu, Pb, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Co and Mn in bulk grain sphalerite from the Nayongzhi deposit, in an effort to provide significant insights into the element substitution mechanisms, ore-forming temperature and genesis of the deposit. This study shows that those trace elements (i.e., Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ag, and Co) are present in the form of isomorphism in sphalerite, and strong binary correlation among some elements suggests direct substitution as Zn2+↔Fe2+ and coupled substitutions as Zn2+↔Ga3+ + (Cu, Ag)+ and Zn2+↔In3+ + Sn3+ + □ (vacancy), despite there being no clear evidence for the presence of Sn3+. Sphalerite from the Nayongzhi deposit is enriched in Cd, Ge and Ga and depleted in Fe, Mn, In and Co, which is similar to that of the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit and significantly different from that of the Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) deposit, Sedimentary-exhalative (Sedex) deposit, skarn, and epithermal hydrothermal deposit. Moreover, the ore-forming temperature is relatively low, ranging from 100.5 to 164.4 °C, as calculated by the GGIMFis geothermometer. Geological characteristics, mineralogy and trace element contents of sphalerite suggest that the Nayongzhi deposit is a MVT deposit. In addition, according to the geological characteristics, Ag content in sphalerite, and Pb isotope evidence, the Nayongzhi deposit is distinct from the deposits associated with the Indosinian Orogeny in S-Y-G Zn-Pb metallogenic province (e.g., Huize, Daliangzi, Tianbaoshan and Tianqiao deposits), thus, suggesting that multi-stage Zn-Pb mineralization may have occurred in this region.

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Section: Trace Element Substitution Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 90%

Trace Element Contents in Sphalerite from the Nayongzhi Zn-Pb Deposit, Northwestern Guizhou, China: Insights into Incorporation Mechanisms, Metallogenic Temperature and Ore Genesis

et al. 2018

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“…Zn‐sulfides, Zn‐carbonates/oxides, and Fe‐sulfides occur as subhedral crystals and partly corroded angular fragments, corresponding to sphalerite, smithsonite, and pyrite, respectively. Zn‐sulfides contain minor Fe, Cu, and Cd, which are common substitutes for Zn in geogenic sphalerite . A possible source of Cu in sphalerite is also Cu‐sulfate used in the flotation process, during which Cu ions replace Zn on sphalerite surface .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zn-sulfides contain minor Fe, Cu, and Cd, which are common substitutes for Zn in geogenic sphalerite. [53][54][55] A possible source of Cu in sphalerite is also Cu-sulfate used in the flotation process, during which Cu ions replace Zn on sphalerite surface. 56 Pb-phosphates, corresponding to pyromorphite, form angular anhedral grains partly covered with smaller crystallites.…”

Section: Geogenic-anthropogenic Phases Sourced From Mining and Minementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of contribution of metal pollution sources to attic and household dust in Pb‐polluted area

Miler

Gosar

2019

Indoor Air

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Attic and household dusts from Pb‐polluted area were investigated using various analytical techniques for source apportionment and assessment of source contribution of metal‐bearing phases. Mineralogically, attic dust consists of gypsum, anhydrite, and metal‐bearing phases, while household dust comprises C‐bearing particles and only minor metal‐bearing phases. Sulfur isotope composition of sulfides and sulfates in attic dust shows that they result from past primary smelting of local sulfide ore, while those in household dust originate directly from local mine‐waste material. Pb isotope ratios show that Pb‐bearing phases in both dust types mostly originate from mining and primary smelting of local Pb‐ore. Individual metal‐bearing particles were apportioned by their composition, morphology, and mineralogy to phases from past Pb‐smelting, present‐day Pb‐recycling, and past mining/mine‐waste mechanical processing. Calculated source contribution of metal‐bearing phases to indoor dust showed that primary Pb‐smelting was important pollution source in the past, while active Pb‐recycling has contributed only negligible amount of material so far. However, material from mining/mine‐waste processing is an important currently active pollution source. Study demonstrated that simultaneous investigation of characteristics and isotopic composition of metal‐bearing phases in different indoor dust types serves as tool for assessment of source contribution of past and recent airborne metal pollution.

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“…Sphalerite usually contains significant amounts of Cd and Mn substituted for Zn, and small amounts of other elements, e.g., Ga, Ge, In, Co, and Hg [14]. The most common impurity is Fe, which is generally present at levels up to 26 mol %, although contents of 56 mol % have been reported [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism Study of Xanthate Adsorption on Sphalerite/Marmatite Surfaces by ToF-SIMS Analysis and Flotation

et al. 2019

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In this work, the active sites and species involved in xanthate adsorption on sphalerite/marmatite surfaces were studied using adsorption capacity measurements, single mineral flotation, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis. The effects of Fe concentration on the xanthate adsorption capacity, Cu activation, and the flotation response of sphalerite/marmatite were determined. A discovery was that xanthate can interact with Fe atoms in the crystal of sphalerite/marmatite, as well as with Zn and Cu on the surface. We detected C2S2− fragment ions from dixanthogen, and dixanthogen may have been adsorbed on the surface of marmatite. The amounts of Cu and copper xanthate adsorbed on the marmatite surface were lower than those on the sphalerite surface, because Fe occupies Cu and Zn exchange sites. These results help to address the long-standing controversy regarding the products and mechanisms of xanthate adsorption on Fe-bearing sphalerite surfaces.

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A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

Cited by 47 publications

References 32 publications

Trace Element Contents in Sphalerite from the Nayongzhi Zn-Pb Deposit, Northwestern Guizhou, China: Insights into Incorporation Mechanisms, Metallogenic Temperature and Ore Genesis

Trace Element Contents in Sphalerite from the Nayongzhi Zn-Pb Deposit, Northwestern Guizhou, China: Insights into Incorporation Mechanisms, Metallogenic Temperature and Ore Genesis

Assessment of contribution of metal pollution sources to attic and household dust in Pb‐polluted area

Mechanism Study of Xanthate Adsorption on Sphalerite/Marmatite Surfaces by ToF-SIMS Analysis and Flotation

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