A First Report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Causing Forsythia Twig Blight in Romania

Florea, Andreea-Mihaela; Gafencu, Andrei-Mihai; Lipșa, Florin-Daniel; Gabur, Iulian; Ulea, Eugen

doi:10.3390/plants12203516

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Sclerotinia rot, also referred to as white mold, stem rot, or crown rot (A and K, 2019), is a devastating necrotizing soil-borne disease ( Lu et al, 2022 ) in which the leaves, flowers, fruits, and stems are compromised ( Islam et al, 2021 ). This disease occurs worldwide and causes significant loss of important crops, vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants ( Florea et al, 2023 ). In China, sclerotinia rot results in the loss of 157,500 tons of rapeseed annually, accounting for 81.7% of the total rapeseed loss ( Shang et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Yin,

Song,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Sclerotinia rot is a serious disease that occurs on Zephyranthes candida. A thorough understanding of the pathogenic fungal species and understanding the biological characteristics are important for controlling sclerotinia. Fungal strains were isolated from the diseased leaves of Z. candida through tissue isolation. Koch’s hypothesis screened pathogenic strains by pathogenicity of healthy leaves, including re-isolation and identification. A multigene phylogenetic tree was constructed by extracting genomic DNA from pathogenic strains and measuring the nucleotide sequences at four sites, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). Morphological characteristics of the fungal structures were evaluated through microscopic analysis. The growth of pathogens was observed and recorded under different pH, different temperatures, different carbon sources and different nitrogen sources to clarify their biological characteristics. Representative strains D7, D13, X4, and X15 infected Z. candida and caused sclerotinia rot. At the beginning of the culture, white flocculent fungal hyphae appeared on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and black spherical to irregular-shaped sclerotia appeared at the edge of the colony after 7 days. The diameter of the sclerotia was 2.4–8.6 mm and 0.4–0.9 mm, respectively. One sclerotium was able to germinate from 1 to 5 apothecia. Ascus were cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with a size of 110.0–120.0 × 9.2–11.6 μm. One ascus contained eight colorless, oval ascospores, with a size of 8.4–12.0 × 4.5–5.5 μm. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed with the gene sequences for ITS, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, D7 and D13 shared 99% homology with sclerotinia sclerotiorum, whereas X4 and X15 shared 99% homology with sclerotinia minor. S. sclerotiorum growth was more suitable when the culture temperature was 15°C–25°C, pH 5.0, carbon source was maltose and nitrogen source was yeast powder. S. minor growth was more suitable when the culture temperature was 15°C, pH 5.0, the carbon source was glucose, and the nitrogen source was yeast powder. The results identified the pathogens as S. sclerotiorum and S. minor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor causing sclerotinia rot on Z. candida. We herein aimed to identify the causal agent of sclerotinia rot of Z. candida in China based on morphological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity tests. Performed the experiments on the biological characteristics, to understand the law of disease occurrence. We also evaluated methods for the effective control of this disease. Our findings provide support for further studies on the pathogenesis mechanism of sclerotinia rot.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Yin,

Song,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Interactions between Weeds, Pathogen Symptoms and Winter Rapeseed Stand Structure

Vykydalová,

Barroso,

Děkanovský

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Rapeseed, weeds, and pathogens interact with each other. However, these interactions are not well understood. The aim of our work was to describe the relationships between weed vegetation and pathogen manifestations in rapeseed stands. Results from the four seasons show that different rapeseed stand structures produce different weed and pathogen responses. Eighteen weed species were identified in the rapeseed stands. The selected characteristics of rapeseed stands, pathogens, and weed manifestations were evaluated using redundancy analysis. Rapeseed stands with the highest levels of pathogens present (Alternaria brassiceae (Berk.) Sacc., Botrytis cinerea (De Bary) Whetzel, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Verticilium longisporum (C.Stark) Karapapa, Bainbr & Heale) had the lowest seed yield. There, the weeds Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Sonchus arvensis L. were more abundant in dense stands, and Phoma lingam (telomorph: Leptosphaeria maculans Ces. & De Not.) was more common. Mutual positive interactions may also include the relationship between weed species of the Asteraceae family and increased manifestations of Phoma lingam. A similar relationship can be expected for the weeds Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantl and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum symptoms.

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The Good, the Bad, and the Fungus: Insights into the Relationship Between Plants, Fungi, and Oomycetes in Hydroponics

Laevens,

Dolson,

Drapeau

et al. 2024

Biology

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Hydroponic systems are examples of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) and present a promising alternative to traditional farming methods by increasing productivity, profitability, and sustainability. In hydroponic systems, crops are grown in the absence of soil and thus lack the native soil microbial community. This review focuses on fungi and oomycetes, both beneficial and pathogenic, that can colonize crops and persist in hydroponic systems. The symptomatology and mechanisms of pathogenesis for Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fulvia, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Sclerotinia are explored for phytopathogenic fungi that target floral organs, leaves, roots, and vasculature of economically important hydroponic crops. Additionally, this review thoroughly explores the use of plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) to combat phytopathogens and increase hydroponic crop productivity; details of PGP strategies and mechanisms are discussed. The benefits of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Taloromyces, and Trichoderma to hydroponics systems are explored in detail. The culmination of these areas of research serves to improve the current understanding of the role of beneficial and pathogenic fungi, specifically in the hydroponic microbiome.

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A First Report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Causing Forsythia Twig Blight in Romania

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Interactions between Weeds, Pathogen Symptoms and Winter Rapeseed Stand Structure

The Good, the Bad, and the Fungus: Insights into the Relationship Between Plants, Fungi, and Oomycetes in Hydroponics

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