A first report on diagrams for grain growth in welds

Ashby, Michael F.; Easterling, K. E.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(82)90100-6

Cited by 230 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Large austenite grain sizes are of particular concern during welding where the HAZ experiences rapid thermal cycles with high peak temperatures which give rise to austenite grain growth, especially in the region adjacent to the fusion zone. Martensite formation in this coarse grain region may lower the weld toughness and increase the risk of hydrogen cracking [3][4][5][6][7][8]. It also has an impact on the vulnerability to cold cracking and reheat cracking of welds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of attempts have been made to study the effect of heating rate and more complex non-isothermal heat treatment cycles on austenite grain growth kinetics [2,7,8,15,[19][20][21][22][23]. An extensive review of non-isothermal grain growth was published by Mishra and DebRoy [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employing the additivity rule, austenite grain growth was simulated for non-isothermal conditions in the weld HAZ of a Ti microalloyed steel. Based on elementary kinetic models of grain growth and carbide dissolution integrated over the weld cycle, Ashby and Easterling [7] proposed grain growth diagrams for steel welding by fitting the unknown kinetic constants to data from real or simulated welds. Their analytical model was further improved by incorporating precipitate coarsening [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel

et al. 2012

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In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel Maalekian, M.; Radis, R.; Militzer, M.; Moreau, A.; Poole, W. J.In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel Abstract Using a novel laser ultrasonics technique in situ measurements of austenite grain growth were conducted during continuous heating (10°Cs À1 ) and subsequent isothermal holding at various temperatures in the range 950-1250°C in a microalloyed linepipe steel. Based on the experimental results, a grain growth model was developed, which includes the pinning effect of precipitates present in the steel. Analyzing the grain growth behaviour and using the advanced thermo-kinetic software MatCalc, an approach was developed to estimate the initial distribution of precipitates in the as-received material and their dissolution kinetics. The evolution of the volume fractions and mean particle sizes of NbC and TiN leads to a time-dependent pinning pressure that is coupled with the proposed grain growth model to successfully describe the observed kinetics of austenite grain growth. The predictive capabilities of the model are illustrated by its application to independent grain growth data for rapid heat treatment cycles that are typical of the weld heat affected zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel

et al. 2012

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“…Titanium is known to stabilize MC and hence retard its coarsening and dissolution. [48] This is likely to suppress grain growth at lower Nb/Ti ratio in for example alloy ABD-2. But accounting for the influence of alloy composition on grain size development during processing is a significant issue which should be the topic of future work.…”

Section: B On the Role Of Grain Size-dependent Tougheningmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Influence of Nb/Ti Ratio on Environmentally-Assisted Crack Growth in High-Strength Nickel-Based Superalloys

Németh

Crudden

Collins

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans A

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The effect of Nb/Ti ratio on environmentally-assisted crack growth of three prototype Ni-based superalloys is studied. For these alloys, the yield strength is unaltered with increasing Nb/Ti ratio due to an increase in grain size. This situation has allowed the rationalization of the factors influencing damage tolerance at 700°C. Primary intergranular cracks have been investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope and the analysis of electron back-scatter diffraction patterns. Any possible detrimental effect of Nb on the observed crack tip damage due to Nb-rich oxide formation is not observed. Instead, evidence is presented to indicate that the tertiary c¢-precipitates are dissolving ahead of the crack consistent with the formation of oxides such as alumina and rutile. Our results have implications for alloy design efforts; at any given strength level, both more and less damage-tolerant variants of these alloys can be designed.

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“…Ashby et al [5] put forward an analytical solution of grain growth by considering the moving heat source. The analytical solution was evolved without considering the precipitate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-Element Thermal Analysis and Grain Growth Behavior of HAZ on Argon Tungsten-Arc Welding of 443 Stainless Steel

Wang

Deng

Zheng

et al. 2016

Metals

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This paper presents a numerical and infrared experimental study of thermal and grain growth behavior during argon tungsten arc welding of 443 stainless steel. A 3D finite element model was proposed to simulate the welding process. The simulations were carried out via the Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) available in the finite-element code, ANSYS. To validate the simulation accuracy, a series of experiments using a fully-automated welding process was conducted. The results of the numerical analysis show that the simulation weld bead size and the experiment results have good agreement. The grain growth in the heat-affected zone of 443 stainless steel is influenced via three factors: (1) the thermal cycle experienced; (2) grain boundary migration; and (3) particle precipitation. Grain boundary migration is the main factor. The modified coefficient k of the grain growth index is calculated. The value is 1.16. Moreover, the microhardness of the weld bead softened slightly compared to the base metal.

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A first report on diagrams for grain growth in welds

Cited by 230 publications

References 5 publications

In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel

In situ measurement and modelling of austenite grain growth in a Ti/Nb microalloyed steel

On the Influence of Nb/Ti Ratio on Environmentally-Assisted Crack Growth in High-Strength Nickel-Based Superalloys

Finite-Element Thermal Analysis and Grain Growth Behavior of HAZ on Argon Tungsten-Arc Welding of 443 Stainless Steel

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