A fish oil diet minimizes hepatic reperfusion injury in the low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model

Abstract

In this study, the effects of fish oil treatment on hepatic reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow perfusion model were investigated. Rats were fed powdered diets containing either 5% corn or 5% encapsulated fish oil for 13 to 15 days. Average daily food intake in both control and fish oil groups was about 20 g per rat, and weight gain averaged 9 g/rat/d. Livers were perfused at flow rates around 1 muL/g/min for 75 minutes, which caused cells in pericentral regions to become anoxic because of insufficient delivery of oxygen. When normal flow rates (about 4 mL/g/min) were restored for 40 minutes, reperfusion injury occurred. Upon reflow, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased from basal levels around 1 to 50 IU/g/h in livers from control rats, whereas fish oil treatment minimized values to 16 IU/g/h Rates of bile production reached 23 muL/g/h during reperfusion in livers from controls and 38 muL/g/h in the fish oil-treated group. Oxygen uptake was about 110 mumol/g/h during the reperfusion period in livers from both groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, was released into the effluent perfusate at rates around 80 nmol/g/h during reperfusion in controls, and values were not affected by fish oil treatment, Portal pressure, an indicator of hepatic microcirculation, increased from basal levels of 3 to 10.5 cm H2O during reperfusion in controls, but was only elevated to 8.3 cm H2O in the fish oil-treated group. In addition, Trypan Blue distribution time, another indicator of hepatic microcirculation, was reduced significantly by 44% by fish oil treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Prevention of reperfusion injury and microcirculatory failure in macrosteatotic mouse liver by omega‐3 fatty acids†‡

“…32 Juniper berry oil, which is rich in 5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid similar to one found in fish oil, ameliorated reperfusion injury in rat liver. 29 In contrast, failure of dietary provision with fish oil to attenuate warm I/R injury in rat liver also has been reported.…”

Recent advances in liver preconditioning: Thyroid hormone, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron

“…Alternate mechanisms triggered by PPAR-α activation include: (1) enhancement of I 1) enhancement of I ) enhancement of IκB-α mRNA and protein expression and its nuclear abundance, with diminution in NF-κB DNA binding activity [66] ; (2) de-2) de-) decreased IκB-α degradation, probably due to diminished phosphorylation [67] ; and (�) up-regulation of antioxidant �) up-regulation of antioxidant ) up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes [56,68] ( Figure �) with reduction of the oxidative stress status, leading to loss of NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production [68] . n-3 LCPUFAinduced re-establishment of inflammatory cytokine homeostasis under IR conditions [27,69] is accompanied by improvement of hepatic microcirculation, as a contributory factor protecting the liver against IR injury [70,71] . Although the relevance of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in conditions underlying IR liver injury in humans has not been evaluated, several clinical studies have reported several clinical studies have reported that supplementation with fish oil, seal oil or purified n-3 LCPUFA reduces hepatic lipid content in obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients [72][73][74][75][76] , exhibiting substantial depletion of n-3 LCPUFA content [77] .…”

Dietary juniper berry oil minimizes hepatic reperfusion injury in the rat

“…36 Fish oil and juniper berry oil most likely decrease production of vasoactive eicosanoids, thus improving hepatic microcirculation. 18 Indeed, the time required for Trypan blue to distribute evenly in the liver, which depends mainly on hepatic microcirculation, was much shorter in the fish oil-and juniper berry oiltreated groups than in the corn oil-treated control group (Fig. 6).…”