A fishery in a changing lake environment: The naked carpGymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) (Cyprinidae: schizothoracinae) in Qinghai Hu, China

The effect of hypoxia on gill morphology and ionoregulatory status in the Lake Qinghai scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii

“…At this altitude, air and water O 2 tensions are about 60% those at sea-level and thus, fish are exposed to chronically reduced O 2 levels (approximately 6·mg·O 2 ·l -1 ). Mean annual air temperature is -0.6°C, and surface lake water temperatures rarely exceed 13°C in August (Walker et al, 1996). The scaleless carp, however, has an interesting life history relative to most carp species, in that it undergoes an annual spawning migration from the lake into freshwater rivers (Wang et al, 2003;Wood et al, 2006) when they swim 40-50·km over several weeks before reaching their spawning grounds (Walker et al, 1996).…”

“…Mean annual air temperature is -0.6°C, and surface lake water temperatures rarely exceed 13°C in August (Walker et al, 1996). The scaleless carp, however, has an interesting life history relative to most carp species, in that it undergoes an annual spawning migration from the lake into freshwater rivers (Wang et al, 2003;Wood et al, 2006) when they swim 40-50·km over several weeks before reaching their spawning grounds (Walker et al, 1996). Thus, although this species inhabits moderately hypoxic, cool waters, like those of crucian carp or goldfish, it is dependent upon exercise to reach its spawning ground and its body form is superficially more salmonid-like than carplike.…”

Cloning and characterization of two subunits of calcineurin cDNA in naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) from Lake Qinghai, China

“…The commercial fishing of Gymnocypris przewalskii from the 1950s until the 1990s was forced to be stopped for the sharp decrease of fish stocks. In the past fifty years, the total amount reserves has decreased from 20 × 10 4 tons in 1960 to less than 0.5 × 10 4 tons now, especially because of decreasing water level and increasing salinity [2][3][4] www.fhc.viamedica.pl as the increasing salinity levels of the lake, which is mainly caused by continuously decreased water levels at a rate of 10-12 cm per year over the last 50 years [5]. The increase of salinity began since 1978 and its rate is currently accelerating [6,7].…”

“…The increase of salinity began since 1978 and its rate is currently accelerating [6,7]. Further, another challenge for the naked carp is the salinity changes during their annual migration from the saline lake to adjoining freshwater rivers including Quanjihe river, Shaliuhe river, Heimahe river and Buhahe river, where they spawn and then return to the lake [4]. At present, the basic biological adaptation mechanism of naked carp to the living condition, including low temperature, saline water, and hypoxia, has not been fully investigated.…”

Phylogeography and conservation genetics of scaleless carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) of Lake Qinghai, China.

“…The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Figure 1.1), located in western China and described as the "Roof of Asia", is an immense fault block formed by tectonic movements in the Tertiary, when the Indian and Eurasian plates converged (Walker et al, 1996). The subsequent uplift of the Himalayan, Karakorum, and Kunlun mountains blocked the path of monsoons from the south, which led to increasing aridity in the region.…”