A flavone-polysaccharide based prescription attenuates the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by duck hepatitis A virus type 1

Abstract

The principal target organ of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is duckling liver, which is an energy-intensive organ and plays important roles in body’s energy metabolism and conversion. As the “power house” of the hepatocytes, mitochondria provide more than 90% of the energy. However, mitochondria are much vulnerable to the oxidative stress for their rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although previous researches have demonstrated that DHAV-1 could induce the oxidative stress in the serum of the infected ducklings, no related study on the mitochondria during the pathological process of DVH has been reported by far. To address this issue, we examined the HE stained tissue pathological slices, detected the hepatic SOD, CAT and GPX activities and MDA contents and analyzed the ATP content, mitochondrial ultrastructure and the mitochondrial SOD, GPX activities and MDA content in the liver tissues. The results showed that the hepatic redox status was significantly disturbed so that causing the mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion and mitochondrial oxidative stress during the process of the DHAV-1 infection, and a prescription formulated with Hypericum japonicum flavone, Radix Rehmanniae Recens polysaccharide and Salvia plebeia flavone (HRS), which had been demonstrated with good anti-oxidative activity in serum, could effectively alleviate the hepatic injury and the oxidative stress in liver tissue induced by DHAV-1 thus alleviating the mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress. In a word, this research discovers the oxidative stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress during the DVH pathological process and demonstrates HRS exerts good anti-oxidative activity in liver tissue to protect mitochondria against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Transcriptomic Characterization of a Chicken Embryo Model Infected With Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that a similar phenomenon occurred in the livers of DHAV-1-infected embryonated eggs. Moreover, the mitochondria in the livers of the CH60 group were slightly swollen where the ridge was fractured (Figure 2 ), which was consistent with mitochondrial injury in ducks infected with DHAV-1 ( 40 ). The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is the main pathway of apoptosis, and damaged mitochondria are likely to affect apoptosis ( 41 , 42 ).…”

Development of hepatic steatosis in male and female mule ducks after respective force-feeding programs

“…On the contrary, Cat activities decrease slightly during the same period in both sexes. An increase in SOD and Cat activities has often been described under different conditions (Zeng et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Du et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017;Remignon and Burgues, 2023) to be associated to fight against oxidative stress due to the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. However, in mice fed a cafeteria diet, Gasparin et al (2018) reported decreased Cat activity in the liver and indicated that this suggests impaired H 2 O 2 neutralization that could contribute to lipid peroxidation.…”

Evolution of oxidative stress markers in livers of ducks during force-feeding

“…This indicates that force-feeding induced rapidly an oxidative stress in liver cells but the constancy of the SOD/Cat ratio also indicates that no major dysregulation of these coupled activities is present. In different pathological 20,21 or feeding 22 or environmental conditions 23 , the activities of SOD and Cat enzymes also increase to reduce the oxidative stress and are therefore considered to be one of the predominant antioxidant mechanisms in duck hepatocytes. Other enzymatic antioxidant systems (GPX1 and NQO1) activities are presented in Fig.…”