A Flexible Composite Mechanical Energy Harvester from a Ferroelectric Organoamino Phosphonium Salt

Abstract

A new binary organic salt diphenyl diisopropylamino phosphonium hexaflurophosphate (DPDP⋅PF ) was shown to exhibit a good ferroelectric response and employed for mechanical energy harvesting application. The phosphonium salt crystallizes in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Cc and exhibits an H-bonded 1D chain structure due to N-H⋅⋅⋅F interactions. Ferroelectric measurements on the single crystals of DPDP⋅PF gave a well-saturated rectangular hysteresis loop with a remnant (P ) polarization value of 6 μC cm . Further, composite devices based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films for various weight percentages (3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wt %) of DPDP⋅PF were prepared and examined for power generation by using an impact test setup. A maximum output peak-to-peak voltage (V ) of 8.5 V and an output peak-to-peak current (I ) of 0.5 μA was obtained for the non-poled composite film with 10 wt % of DPDP⋅PF . These results show the efficacy of organic ferroelectric substances as potential micropower generators.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from a Ferroelectric Hybrid Salt [Ph3MeP]4[Ni(NCS)6] Embedded in a Polymer Matrix

“…The maximum current density (CD) value of 3.59 μA cm −2 and power density (PD) value of 2.51 mW cm −3 were obtained again for the 15 wt % 1 ‐TPU film (Supporting Information, Figure S37 and Table S10). The observed power density values are the highest known so far for any organic and organic–inorganic hybrid composite piezoelectric energy harvester fabricated from a non‐piezoelectric polymer matrix (Supporting Information, Table S11) . Further increase in the loading of 1 to 20 wt %, however, shows an abrupt decrease in the output performance which can be attributed to higher‐particle agglomeration at this concentration as observed from its 3D‐tomography images (Figure a,b; Supporting Information, Figure S28).…”

A Flexible Composite Mechanical Energy Harvester from a Ferroelectric Organoamino Phosphonium Salt

“…[8a, 21c, 23b,22] Theo bserved room temperature e' values for the neat PDMS,3 %, 5%,1 0% and 20 %D PDP·PF 6 /PDMS were found to be 5.6, 5.8, 6.9, 7.3 and 7.5, respectively,a t1kHz ( Figure S33). [25] [23] Similarly, amarginal increase in the piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 )values from 3t o5pC N À1 has been observed upon increasing the weight percentage of the ferroelectric component from 3%to 20 %( Figure S34).…”

“…These results demonstrate the effectiveness of organic ferroelectric materials for energy harvesting applications and promise their potential use in future wearable electronics. [25]…”

Ferroelectric Behavior of an Octahedral Metal‐Ligand Cage and Its 2D‐Connected Cage Framework

“…[2][3][4][5] Recent studies explored ferroelectrics as solar-and mechanical-energy harvesting systems. [6][7][8][9] Most commercial ferroelectrics utilize ceramic metal oxide systems. [10][11][12] However, these materials are mostly brittle, require high processing temperatures and often contain heavy and toxic elements.…”

“…Ferroelectric materials find many technological applications, such as in memory devices and sensors . Recent studies explored ferroelectrics as solar‐ and mechanical‐energy harvesting systems . Most commercial ferroelectrics utilize ceramic metal oxide systems .…”