A Flexible Concentric Circle Structured Zinc‐Ion Micro‐Battery with Electrodeposited Electrodes

Abstract

High‐performance all‐solid‐state rechargeable batteries with highly wearable, deformable, and waterproof features have attracted considerable attention for their promising applications in next‐generation wearable electronics. Herein, a flexible all‐solid‐state in‐plane Zn‐polyaniline (PANI) micro‐battery with concentric circle structure is reported by directly electrodepositing both positive and negative electrode materials on tyrene‐isoprene styrene rubber (SIS) substrate. As‐fabricated battery delivers a high specific area capacity of 250 µAh cm−2, a high energy density (0.25 mW h cm−2) and a high power density (0.99 mW cm−2) as well as excellent cyclin stability (68% capacity retention after 1200 cycles). More importantly, the concentric circle structured micro‐battery exhibits superior mechanical flexibility, reasonable stretchability, outstanding waterproof ability, and temperature resistance up to 80 °C and excellent integratability with wireless charging coils.

Realizing an All‐Round Hydrogel Electrolyte toward Environmentally Adaptive Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Batteries

“…These areal energy densities at various temperatures dramatically surpass those previously reported energy storage devices (probably measured at 20 or 25 °C), such as a TiC symmetric supercapacitor (SC, 39 μWh cm –2 at 2 mW cm –2 ), [ 30 ] an AC aqueous zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (AZHS, 115 μWh cm –2 at 0.16 mW cm –2 ), [ 31 ] a carbon nanotube (CNT) AZHS (29.6 μWh cm –2 at 0.8 mW cm –2 ), [ 32 ] a Ni/Zn battery (6.6 μWh cm –2 at 2 mW cm –2 ), [ 33 ] a zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) AZIB (250 μWh cm –2 at 0.23 mW cm –2 ), [ 34 ] a CNT/MnO 2 AZIB (210 μWh cm –2 at 0.24 mW cm –2 ), [ 35 ] and a polyaniline AZIB (250 μWh cm –2 at ≈0.2 mW cm –2 ). [ 36 ] The volumetric energy/power densities are also provided, as shown in Figure 4h. Note that the volumes of the anode, cathode, and CT3G30 are all considered in the total volume of our battery.…”

Fabrications of High‐Performance Planar Zinc‐Ion Microbatteries by Engraved Soft Templates

“…As summarized in Figure 5i, the developed ZIMB from the engraved soft template can deliver a maximum energy density of 322 μWh cm −2 and the power density of 710 μW cm −2 , manifesting the superior areal energy density and power density compared with other reported planar MESDs. [2,[23][24][25][37][38][39][40][41][42]…”

“…[21,22] Although very critical, there have been only a few technologies proposed for ZIMBs fabrications up to date, including screen printing, [22] laser ablation, [21,23] and 3D printing. [24] In this regard, Wu et al reported a multi-step screen printing method using MnO 2 , zinc powder, and graphene as functional materials to prepare the ZIMBs, which delivered a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh cm −3 and cycling stability. [22] This technique favors quick and efficient productions of the devices, but has strict requirements on the material particle size and concentration of the slurry as well as the difficulties in changing of the screen template patterns arbitrarily.…”

“…[11] specific area capacity of 250 μAh cm −2 with good mechanical flexibility. [24] Other methods were also reported for ZIMB fabrications such like electrodeposition. [25] These progresses promote quick developments of ZIMB designs and researches toward advanced and practical miniaturized energy storages.…”

“…There have been numerous cathode materials reported, such as vanadium-based compounds, [19] manganese-based compounds, [22,26] Prussian blue analogs, [20] chevrel phase compounds, [27] and organic cathodes. [24,25] Among them, MnS, as a new type of Mnbased compounds, has rarely been reported in ZIMB applications. Previous studies have shown high specific capacity and low costs of the MnS for Zn ion battery applications, but met problems of poor cycling stabilities.…”