Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS) hold tremendous potential
for
applications in photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging
(PAI). However, the conventional chemical coprecipitation method often
leads to particle agglomeration issues. To overcome this challenge,
we utilized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent, resulting
in the synthesis of small PVP-CuS nanoparticles named PC10, PCK30,
and PC40. Our study aimed to investigate how different molecular weights
of PVP influence the nanoparticles’ crystalline characteristics
and essential properties, especially their photoacoustic and photothermal
responses. While prior research on PVP-assisted CuS nanoparticles
has been conducted, our study delves deeper into this area, providing
insights into optical properties. Remarkably, all synthesized nanoparticles
exhibited a crystalline structure, were smaller than 10 nm, and featured
an absorbance peak at 1020 nm, indicating their robust photoacoustic
and photothermal capabilities. Among these nanoparticles, PC10 emerged
as the standout performer, displaying superior photoacoustic properties.
Our photothermal experiments demonstrated significant temperature
increases in all cases, with PC10 achieving an impressive efficiency
of 51%. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays revealed the nanoparticles’
compatibility with cells, coupled with an enhanced incidence of apoptosis
compared to necrosis. These findings underscore the promising potential
of PVP-stabilized CuS nanoparticles for advanced cancer theranostics.