“…Recently, biomasses such as cellulose, hyaluronan (HA), lipoic acid (LA) and gelatin are utilized to fabricate hydrogels owing to their abundance, degradability, and biocompatibility. 3,14–19 Most synthetic hydrogels showed poor mechanical and nonfreezing properties during the deformation and freezing processes compared with petroleum polymer-based hydrogels. The reason is that the hydrogel structure with a high moisture content is loose by insufficient crosslinking of polymer chains, and the high moisture content induced the formation of ice crystals.…”