A Fluorinated Ionic Liquid-Based Activatable 19F MRI Platform Detects Biological Targets

Abstract

Fluorinated ion liquids (ILs) act as a new type of fluorine agents to build a fluorinated ionic liquid-based activatable 19 F MRI platform (FILAMP). Upon biological stimulation, the coating polymer dissolves or degrades to release the payload, which rapidly enhances the 19 F signals. This ''turn-on'' response is verified by successful detection of biological targets in vitro and in vivo. In summary, FILAMP can serve as a type of activatable 19 F probes for diagnosis and monitoring of biological and pathological processes.

19F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects

“…The resulting nanocomposites were functionalized by PEG and used for efficient 19 F MRI and hydrophobic cargo delivery (Figure 8b) [127] . Zhu et al [128] . explored the potential of fluorinated ionic liquids as novel fluorine agents, confining them into hollow mesoporous silica spheres and sealing the pores with bioresponsive copolymers.…”

Activatable 19F MRI Nanoprobes for Visualization of Biological Targets in Living Subjects

“…Instrument advance, such as increasing magnetic field strength, could considerably boost the sensitivity of 19 F MRI. [62] Besides, more 19 F-containing agents for contriving activatable 19 F MRI nanoprobes with high efficiency are under vigorous exploration, including those within common 19 F sources (e.g., TFMCs with high aqueous solubility [63] ) and from new 19 F sources (e.g., ILs [60] and inorganic fluoride nanoparticles [64] ). Furthermore, the development of novel activation strategies such as cascade activation [57] and the exploitation of innovative activation mechanisms such as activation based on the change of 19 F chemical shift [65][66][67] are also being actively explored for constructing high-performance activatable nanoprobes.…”

“…Recently, we have reported the first activatable nanoprobe based on fluorinated ILs for stimuli-responsive 19 F MRI, which is called fluorinated IL-based activatable 19 F MRI platform (FILAMP). [60] As shown in Figure 3A, this nanoprobe is constructed by loading a type of fluorinated ILs into a hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HMSN) in the corresponding IL and sealing the loaded HMSN with stimuli-responsive copolymers. The molecular mobility of the fluorinated IL trapped in the HMSN is significantly restricted and the transverse relaxation of 19 F nuclei is considerably accelerated due to the strengthened homonuclear magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, resulting in negligible 19 F MRI signals (switched "OFF").…”

“…BMMIBF 4 -MMP(d): a negative control of BMMIBF 4 -MMP that cannot respond to MMP. Reproduced with permission [60]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.…”

Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles

“…There are also "smart" systems that can respond to the biochemical or physiological abnormalities (pH, temperature, the concentration of ions or metabolites, hypoxia, enzyme, etc.) to modulate their SNR by their physical-chemical properties [78][79][80]. The primary clearance system of the majority of the nanosystems in humans is the immune system.…”