A Focus On Coronaviruses Infections In Animals: Review Article

Abstract

Coronaviruses are large, enveloped and single-stranded, non-segmented with positive sense RNA virus belong to Nidovirus, family Coronavirirdae and included two subfamilies Orthocoronavirinae and Letovirinae. There are four genera variable in antigenestic characteristic and cross-reactivity (Alpha-coronavirus, Beta-coronavirus, Gamma-coronavirus and Deltacoronavirus) affect mammals and birds while Bafinivirus affect fish and cause different diseases in the vertebrate animals and human, so this review listed most important diseases in some animals which cause economic problems as in the avian cause infectious bronchitis(IB), in the bovine cause diseases in both bowl and respiratory system, Enteric form Disease in the equine, two forms of diseases have been occurred in the feline (feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis), in canine cause enteric and respiratory syndroms while in the porcine the diseases occur as are Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV).Also corona viruses affect aquatic animals and cause general clinical signs in fish. Some of these pathogens transmitted from camel and bates and causes diseases for human as SARS, MERS and SARS-2.From these review the conclusion is the hygiene practices and biosecurity are more important to prevent the emerging diseases in both human and animals cause by coronavirus.

Transmission, Pathological Mechanism and Pathogenesis of SARS-1 and SARS-2

“…The SARS-2 can be transmitted to pet animals from illness owners [34], figure 2 many cases of pet animals give a positive test for SARS-2 in many countries of Europa and Asia, a tiger Nadia was considered the first case in the zoo in New York infected with SARS-2 get the infection from illness keeper zoo with SARS-2, the severity of disease is variable from non-symptoms to mild respiratory disorder [35] therefore, biosecurity is considered one of the most important ways to prevent disease and prevent its transmission between humans and animals [36].…”