A Follow‐Up Study of Children with Tics1

Torup, Else

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1962.tb06540.x

Cited by 49 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…373–374], socioeconomic status (ref. 16 , p. 175) and family history of TS/CTD, perhaps especially family history of tics persisting into adulthood 88 or tics in both parents 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing

Black

Greene

et al. 2016

F1000Res

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The child with recent onset of tics is a common patient in a pediatrics or child neurology practice. If the child’s first tic was less than a year in the past, the diagnosis is usually Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD). Published reviews by experts reveal substantial consensus on prognosis in this situation: the tics will almost always disappear in a few months, having remained mild while they lasted. Surprisingly, however, the sparse existing data may not support these opinions.PTD may have just as much importance for science as for clinical care. It provides an opportunity to prospectively observe the spontaneous remission of tics. Such prospective studies may aid identification of genes or biomarkers specifically associated with remission rather than onset of tics. A better understanding of tic remission may also suggest novel treatment strategies for Tourette syndrome, or may lead to secondary prevention of tic disorders.This review summarizes the limited existing data on the epidemiology, phenomenology, and outcome of PTD, highlights areas in which prospective study is sorely needed, and proposes that tic disorders may completely remit much less often than is generally believed.

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“…373–374], socioeconomic status (ref. 16 , p. 175) and family history of TS/CTD, perhaps especially family history of tics persisting into adulthood 88 or tics in both parents 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous remission was more likely in girls than boys in one follow-up study of mixed tic disorders 87 , but a similar study found no relationship of remission to sex 88 . The latter study also suggested better prognosis for children whose parents had tics that remitted vs. persisted in adulthood.…”

Section: Outcome Of Ptdmentioning

confidence: 91%

Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing

Black

Greene

et al. 2016

F1000Res

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“…6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Review frequency of transient tics at an age when stimulant medication is usually commenced. 17,20 From a clinical point of view, the common transient tics (up to 20% in children [21][22][23][24] ) are generally negligible compared with chronic tic disorders (about 3% 25 ) with their much more disabling consequences and common association with further psychopathology such as ADHD or obsessive-compulsive disorder. 26 There are few prospective epidemiological studies of first-onset tics 27 and differentiation between transient tics and chronic tic disorders is still an unresolved problem of cross-sectional studies, especially in those focusing on stimulant-induced first-onset tics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First-onset tics in patients with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder: impact of stimulants

Roessner

Robatzek

Knapp

et al. 2006

Dev Med Child Neurol

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First-onset tics during stimulant treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are clinically relevant and remain a matter of scientific debate. Because there are limited clinical trials analyzing the risk of first-onset tics in stimulant-treated ADHD, a comprehensive evaluation is required for evidence-based clinical recommendations. An analysis of studies with high methodological quality (i.e. double-blind placebo-controlled) on first-onset tics during stimulant treatment of ADHD revealed that there seems to be no elevated risk of first-onset tics in children undergoing this treatment. Although a close temporal relationship might be seen in a few patients, the role of treatment duration, dose of stimulant, genetic vulnerability, and developmental aspects need to be further explored to clarify possible pathophysiological mechanisms of tic emergence under stimulant treatment. The results of high quality studies, in addition to specialized studies with methodological limitations, suggest that stimulants are the criterion standard for the safe and successful treatment of ADHD.

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“…The mean values for each of these estimates showed a high level of agreement Goetz et al, 1992;Sandor et al, 1990;Torup, 1962). If confirmed, this pattern of ascending severity followed by a near linear decline may also clarify the differences in Tourette syndrome prevalence that are found when adult versus child populations are studied using similar methods (Burd et al, 1986a;Burd et al, 186b).…”

Section: Timing Of the Onset Of Puberty And The Course Of Tic Severitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…By early adulthood, follow-up studies have consistently reported improvement in tic severity for a majority of Tourette syndrome patients Sandor et al, 1990;Torup, 1962 Leckman, in press). This cross-sectional, observational approach combined with the failure of most studies to identify key time points in the course of tic severity has made cross-patient comparisons difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenomenologia e história natural da síndrome de Tourette: breve resumo da pesquisa

Leckman¹

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The phenomenology of Tourette syndrome is complex. Although overt motor and vocal tics are the defining features of Tourette syndrome, many individuals report experiencing sensory "urges," which are often difficult to describe. The natural history of this condition is also variable, with some individuals experiencing a marked reduction in tics by the end of the second decade of life while others go on to have a lifelong condition. The aim of this thesis was threefold: (1) to develop a valid and reliable clinical rating instrument; (2) to investigate the sensory phenomena associated with Tourette syndrome; and (3) to document the course of tic severity over the course of the first two decades of life. Each of these three studies involved groups of patients with Tourette syndrome or a chronic tic disorder and each of these studies has been published in a peer-reviewed journal. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) has excellent psychometric properties that have been independently replicated. It has also emerged as the most widely used clinician-rated tic severity scale in randomized clinical trials around the world. Sensory phenomena, particularly premonitory urges, are commonly reported among individuals with Tourette syndrome by the age of 10 years. There is considerable overlap with the sensory phenomena described by individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Tics usually have their onset in the first decade of life. They then follow a waxing and waning course and a changing repertoire of tics. As documented in the third study, for a majority of patients the period of worst tic severity usually falls between the ages of 7 and 15 years of age, after which tic severity gradually declines. This falloff in tic symptoms is consistent with available epidemiological data that indicate a much lower prevalence of Tourette syndrome among adults than children. This decline in tic severity has been confirmed in subsequent studies. In summary, incremental progress is being made in our efforts to characterize the phenomenology and natural history of Tourette syndrome. Revisions to the YGTSS should be considered. Significant advances have been made in measuring the premonitory urges associated with Tourette syndrome. The neurobiological underpinnings of the phenomenology and natural history of Tourette syndrome are currently underway in an effort to identify prognostic indicators.

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A Follow‐Up Study of Children with Tics1

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing

Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing

First-onset tics in patients with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder: impact of stimulants

Fenomenologia e história natural da síndrome de Tourette: breve resumo da pesquisa

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