A forensic DNA profiling system for Northern European brown bears (Ursus arctos)

Andreassen, Rune; Schregel, Julia; Kopatz, Alexander; Tobiassen, Camilla; Knappskog, Per M.; Hagen, Snorre B.; Kleven, Oddmund; Schneider, Michael; Kojola, Ilpo; Aspi, Jouni; Rykov, Alexander M.; Tirronen, Konstantin; Danilov, P.I.; Eiken, Hans Geir

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.03.002

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Recent studies of brown bears from Northern Europe suggest both genetic structuring due to isolation-by-distance (IBD) and the existence of separate genetic populations [24], [25], [27]–[31]. Previously, we have detected bi-directional migration rates of about 30% between bears in Eastern Finland and bears further east in Arkhangelsk, Russia [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Samples were extracted with DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen), following the manufacturer’s instructions, and genotyped using 12 different dinucleotide markers (short-tandem-repeats, STRs) developed for bears: G1A, G1D, G10B, G10L [33], [34]; Mu05, Mu09, Mu10, Mu15, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51 and Mu59 [35]. We have previously validated these STRs for their species sensitivity, precision and probability of identity [24], [27]. The protocol for PCR and fragment analysis can be found in Andreassen et al [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously validated these STRs for their species sensitivity, precision and probability of identity [24], [27]. The protocol for PCR and fragment analysis can be found in Andreassen et al [27]. Our laboratory procedures follow the guidelines for the analysis of non-human forensic DNA material [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture and Gene Flow from Russia in the Recovering Northern European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

et al. 2014

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Large carnivores were persecuted to near extinction during the last centuries, but have now recovered in some countries. It has been proposed earlier that the recovery of the Northern European brown bear is supported by migration from Russia. We tested this hypothesis by obtaining for the first time continuous sampling of the whole Finnish bear population, which is located centrally between the Russian and Scandinavian bear populations. The Finnish population is assumed to experience high gene flow from Russian Karelia. If so, no or a low degree of genetic differentiation between Finnish and Russian bears could be expected. We have genotyped bears extensively from all over Finland using 12 validated microsatellite markers and compared their genetic composition to bears from Russian Karelia, Sweden, and Norway. Our fine masked investigation identified two overlapping genetic clusters structured by isolation-by-distance in Finland (pairwise FST = 0.025). One cluster included Russian bears, and migration analyses showed a high number of migrants from Russia into Finland, providing evidence of eastern gene flow as an important driver during recovery. In comparison, both clusters excluded bears from Sweden and Norway, and we found no migrants from Finland in either country, indicating that eastern gene flow was probably not important for the population recovery in Scandinavia. Our analyses on different spatial scales suggest a continuous bear population in Finland and Russian Karelia, separated from Scandinavia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture and Gene Flow from Russia in the Recovering Northern European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

et al. 2014

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“…For genotyping, we used 12 dinucleotide markers (short-tandem-repeats, STRs) developed for bears: G1A, G1D, G10B, G10L [39,40], Mu05, Mu09, Mu10, Mu15, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51 and Mu59 [41]. This particular set of markers has been applied and validated for sensitivity, precision and statistical power previously [31][32][33]42]. The protocols for PCR and fragment analysis followed Andreassen et al [42].…”

Section: (D) Molecular Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore

et al. 2015

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ResearchCite this article: Hagen SB, Kopatz A, Aspi J, Kojola I, Eiken HG. 2015 Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore. Proc. R. Soc. Recovery of natural populations occurs often with simultaneous or subsequent range expansions. According to population genetic theory, genetic structuring emerges at the expansion front together with decreasing genetic diversity, owing to multiple founder events. Thereupon, as the expansion proceeds and connectivity among populations is established, homogenization and a resurgence of genetic diversity are to be expected. Few studies have used a fine temporal scale combined with genetic sampling to track range expansions as they proceed in wild animal populations. As a natural experiment, the historical eradication of large terrestrial carnivores followed by their recovery and recolonization may facilitate empirical tests of these ideas. Here, using brown bear (Ursus arctos) as model species, we tested predictions from genetic theory of range expansion. Individuals from all over Finland were genotyped for every year between 1996 and 2010 using 12 validated autosomal microsatellite markers. A latitudinal shift of about 110 km was observed in the distribution and delineation of genetic clusters during this period. As the range expansion proceeded, we found, as theory predicts, that the degree of genetic structure decreased, and that both genetic variation and admixture increased. The genetic consequences of range expansions may first be detected after multiple generations, but we found major changes in genetic composition after just 1.5 generations, accompanied by population growth and increased migration. These rapid genetic changes suggest an ongoing concerted action of geographical and demographic expansion combined with substantial immigration of bears from Russia during the recovery of brown bears within the large ecosystem of northern Europe.

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“…The high levels of polymorphism observed at many STR markers (microsatellites, or SSRs), alongside their establishment in human DNA forensics, has led to their use in determining geographic origin in a range of wildlife species including African ivory [26,27], bobcats in the USA [28], Sardinian mouflon [29], tortoise [30] and bears [31], as well as fish [32,33], molluscs [34] and plants [35]. In well differentiated populations (F ST > 0.1), a relatively low number of microsatellite markers (n = 10) would likely provide sufficient assignment power for identification of population origin, however in more weakly structured populations, the number of markers required to assign unknown samples with confidence rises rapidly.…”

Section: Microsatellitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife forensic science: A review of genetic geographic origin assignment

Ogden

Linacre

2015

Forensic Science International: Genetics

124

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A forensic DNA profiling system for Northern European brown bears (Ursus arctos)

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Admixture and Gene Flow from Russia in the Recovering Northern European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Admixture and Gene Flow from Russia in the Recovering Northern European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore

Wildlife forensic science: A review of genetic geographic origin assignment

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