A forgiveness intervention for women with fibromyalgia who were abused in childhood: A pilot study.

Lee, Yu-Rim; Enright, Robert

doi:10.1037/scp0000025

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…According to Lee and Enright [5] the weekly quizzes and final tests were important motivators for participants to read their materials before each session and know that the intervener was intent on helping them learn as much as possible about FM healthy practices and forgiveness. Results illustrate that the forgiveness group participants showed greater improvements in forgiveness, overall FM health, and state anger compared to participants in the FM health group.…”

Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third study illustrating forgiveness as an effective form of treatment with female abuse survivors was conducted by Lee and Enright [5]. This research compared the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention based on Enright's [8] process model with a fibromyalgia health intervention, focusing on healthy lifestyles and diets, and sleep and stress management, on women with fibromyalgia (FM) who had experienced physical, or sexual abuse, and emotional or physical neglect in childhood by one of their parents.…”

Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants (N=5) in the FM health intervention received a 290-page manual consisting of 32 book chapters selected from 15 books, three journal articles, and one outline resource as well as a 10-page syllabus including learning objectives and summaries of all sessions developed by the first author. The intervener had extensive knowledge in both the forgiveness process and the FM [5].…”

Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brief, the first phase is the Uncovering phase (units [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and deals with the awareness of one's deep hurt and feelings associated with the abuse, such as anger, shame and guilt, and cognitive rehearsal or replaying the event in one's mind over a long period of time. The decision phase (units 9 to 11) is next in which the injured person recognizes the way she has been coping is no longer effective and begins to explore forgiveness as an option for healing before making the commitment to forgive.…”

Section: The Process Model Of Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to such criticisms, research on forgiveness therapy illustrates that a self-chosen decision to forgive a perpetrator can be effective in restoring positive psychological health for women who have experienced past abuse [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Forgiveness Therapy with Female Survivors of Abuse

Freedman¹,

Enright²

2017

J Women's Health Care

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Three intervention studies focusing on the psychology of forgiveness for women who have been abused are reviewed. All three incorporated the process model of forgiveness, used randomized assignment to experimental and control groups, and examined effectiveness through pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. All three were conducted by different interveners. Results show that forgiveness is an effective way of restoring psychological health following abuse as well as increasing forgiveness toward the offender. For example, in Freedman and Enright's study with incest survivors, the experimental group showed a significantly greater reduction in anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression, and a greater increase in forgiving the perpetrator, and in hope. Similar results were found in Reed and Enright's study with women who experienced spousal emotional abuse. Participants who received Forgiveness Therapy, compared to an alternative therapy, demonstrated a statistically significantly greater increase in forgiving the former abusive partner, in self-esteem, in environmental mastery (everyday decisions), and in finding meaning in suffering (moral decisions), and a statistically significantly greater reduction in trait anxiety, in depression, and in post-traumatic stress symptoms. Lee and Enright's study with women with fibromyalgia, who experienced parental abuse in childhood, additionally shows that forgiveness, can help alleviate physical symptoms as well as psychological symptoms. Specifically, the forgiveness intervention participants had greater improvements in forgiveness and overall fibromyalgia health from pretest to the post-test, and in forgiveness and state anger from the pretest to the follow-up test than the fibromyalgia health intervention participants.

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Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forgiveness Intervention For Women With Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Process Model Of Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Use of Forgiveness Therapy with Female Survivors of Abuse

Freedman¹,

Enright²

2017

J Women's Health Care

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Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention

Song¹,

Enright

2020

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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The purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health. We review the interventions that have been offered for those without homes and the imprisoned to examine which existing programmes address such anger. Forgiveness Therapy, although untried in these two settings, may be one beneficial approach for substantially reducing unhealthy anger. Forgiveness interventions have shown a cause-and-effect relationship between learning to forgive and overcoming psychological compromise such as strong resentment and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. The literature review here suggests that forgiveness therapy for those without homes and the imprisoned may be a new and important consideration for ameliorating anger and aiding in a changed life pattern.

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A randomized controlled trial of a forgiveness intervention program with female acid attack survivors in Pakistan

Haroon

Iftikhar

Kim

et al. 2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Despite the traumatic effects of acid violence on its victims, treatment options are very limited. The present study was aimed at examining the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with female survivors of acid attack violence in Pakistan. Female acid attack victims in Pakistan were randomized to either a forgiveness group (n = 8) or a treatment‐as‐usual (TAU; n = 8) control group. The forgiveness group received twice‐a‐week forgiveness sessions for 4 months, whereas the TAU group either received typical psychological treatment sessions for acid attack victims or no treatment. All participants were assessed on their levels of forgiveness, anger, anxiety, depression, and hope four times prior to the 4‐month intervention period, twice after the intervention period, and once at the 1‐year follow‐up. Posttreatment, the forgiveness intervention group showed greater improvement in hope, anger, anxiety, and depression when compared with the TAU group. Upon further examinations, both groups improved on forgiveness from pretreatment to posttreatment, but the forgiveness group had a higher baseline. From pretreatment to the 12‐month follow‐up, the forgiveness group, when compared with the TAU group, showed greater improvement in all areas except for depression. This is the first study that examined the effects of a forgiveness intervention for acid attack victims in Pakistan. Results showing the improvement posttreatment as well as over a 1‐year period posttreatment are encouraging.

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A forgiveness intervention for women with fibromyalgia who were abused in childhood: A pilot study.

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

The Use of Forgiveness Therapy with Female Survivors of Abuse

The Use of Forgiveness Therapy with Female Survivors of Abuse

Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention

A randomized controlled trial of a forgiveness intervention program with female acid attack survivors in Pakistan

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