A formal ideal-based account of typicality

Voorspoels, Wouter; Vanpaemel, Wolf; Storms, Gerrit

doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0122-9

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In some of their work, the evidence favored an instance-based conclusion (Smits et al 2002;Voorspoels et al 2008). In other work, their evidence favored an intermediate representation somewhere in between an instance and prototype representation (Verbeemen et al 2007;Voorspoels et al 2011). Taken together, their work suggests that it may be naive to pit the instance and prototype DSMs against one another as though they were mutually exclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Instance Theory of Semantic Memory

et al. 2018

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Distributional semantic models (DSMs) specify learning mechanisms with which humans construct a deep representation of word meaning from statistical regularities in language. Despite their remarkable success at fitting human semantic data, virtually all DSMs may be classified as prototype models in that they try to construct a single representation for a word's meaning aggregated across contexts. This prototype representation conflates multiple meanings and senses of words into a center of tendency, often losing the subordinate senses of a word in favor of more frequent ones. We present an alternative instance-based DSM based on the classic MINERVA 2 multiple-trace model of episodic memory. The model stores a representation of each language instance in a corpus, and a word's meaning is constructed on-the-fly when presented with a retrieval cue. Across two experiments with homonyms in both an artificial and natural language corpus, we show how the instance-based model can naturally account for the subordinate meanings of words in appropriate context due to nonlinear activation over stored instances, but classic prototype DSMs cannot. The instance-based account suggests that meaning may not be something that is created during learning or stored per se, but may rather be an artifact of retrieval from an episodic memory store.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Instance Theory of Semantic Memory

et al. 2018

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“…Wilson-Mendenhall et al , 2011, 2015). The summary representation of any emotion category is an abstraction that need not exist in nature (as is true for any biological category; for a discussion of population thinking, see Mayr, 2004; as applied to emotion concepts and categories, see Barrett, 2017; and, as applied to concepts and categories more generally see Barsalou, 1983; Voorspoels et al , 2011). The fact that human brains effortlessly and automatically construct such representations (e.g.…”

Section: The Biological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization

Barrett

2016

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci

854

1,167

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The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research have brought us to the brink of a paradigm shift in understanding the workings of the brain, however, setting the stage to revolutionize our understanding of what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be. The answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.

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“…In particular, ideal members are the most prototypical for "goalderived categories" (see also Borkenau, 1990;Voorspoels et al, 2011). For example, in a category such as "welfare states," it is the most successful welfare states that are prototypical, not the average members of the category.…”

Section: Prototypicality and Common Ingroupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspired by the outgroup: A social identity analysis of intergroup admiration

Onu

Kessler

Andonovska-Trajkovska

et al. 2016

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Drawing upon a social identity approach, three studies focus on the elicitors of intergroup admiration by investigating the relationship between admiration for an outgroup and this outgroup’s prototypicality for a superordinate category. In Study 1 ( N = 314), we find empirical support for a positive association between prototypicality and admiration in cross-national survey data. In Study 2 ( N = 52), we provide experimental evidence for the relationship between admiration and prototypicality by manipulating different facets of prototypicality: admiration for an outgroup occurs only when the group is perceived as prototypical in relation to the ideal of the superordinate category, but not in relation to the category average. Study 3 further explores the importance of prototypicality for a superordinate category. We present an analysis of online comments to news articles ( N = 477) referring to positive regard of outgroups and highlight the role of prototypicality in these discussions. Overall, we contribute to research on admiration by showing that the elicitation of admiration is dependent on the social identities involved, providing an identity-situated analysis of this positive group-based emotion.

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A formal ideal-based account of typicality

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

An Instance Theory of Semantic Memory

An Instance Theory of Semantic Memory

The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization

Inspired by the outgroup: A social identity analysis of intergroup admiration

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