“…giving formal semantics to various object-oriented design notations, architectural notations, and software modeling languages, e.g., [33,40,42,[60][61][62]65,66,110,154,169,197,268,269,[345][346][347]363,393,394,474], and 2. giving formal semantics to various middleware and distributed coordination mechanisms, e.g., [13,14,153,167,168,350,402].…”