A fostering study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure: I. Maternal behaviors

Heyser, Charles J.; Molina, Vı́ctor A.; Spear, Linda P.

doi:10.1016/0892-0362(92)90052-c

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A previous study reported that maternal behavior (pup retrieval, nesting behavior, or time with pups) of CC treated dams did not differ between groups rearing their own biological offspring or fostered offspring when they were tested for established maternal behavior (Heyser et al, 1992). The main effects of drug treatment reported here, regardless of prenatal exposure of the litter, support these findings, although again, all dams were less attentive to the CC exposed offspring overall.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Significant disruptions in maternal behavior following chronic gestational cocaine treatment during pregnancy were reported for the onset or very early post-partum period, and these dams did not display the hyperactivity often seen in acutely treated dams (Heyser, Molina, & Spear, 1992;Kinsley et al, 1994;Peeke, Dark, Salamy, Salfi, & Shah, 1994; Vernotica, Lisciotto, Rosenblatt, & Morrell, 1996). No reports, to our knowledge, have been published on intermittent gestational and postpartum cocaine treatment or the intergeneration effects of such treatment on maternal behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Johns¹,

Elliott²,

Hofler³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The link between impaired maternal behavior (MB) and cocaine treatment could result from druginduced decreases in maternal reactivity to offspring, prenatal drug exposure (PDE) in offspring that could alter their ability to elicit MB, or the interaction of both, which could subsequently impair MB of the 1st-generation dams. Following chronic or intermittent cocaine or saline treatment during gestation, rat dams rearing natural or cross-fostered litters were compared along with untreated dams for MB. Untreated 1st-generation females with differentially treated rearing dams and PDE were tested for MB with their natural litters. The authors report disruptions in MB in dams and their 1st-generation offspring, attributable to main and interaction effects of maternal treatment, litter PDE, and rearing experience. Pregnant women who use cocaine perpetrate child abuse and neglect more often than women who do not use cocaine during pregnancy (Hawley, Halle, Drasin, & Thomas, 1995; Tyler, Howard, Espinosa, & Doakes, 1997; Wasserman & Leventhal, 1993). Maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has also been strongly associated with deficits in maternalinfant bonding (Burns, Chethik, Burns, & Clark, 1991), and mothers with a history of substance abuse often exhibit poor mother-infant interactions (Bauman & Dougherty, 1983;Bays, 1990; Howard, Beck-with, Espinosa, & Tyler, 1995;Johnson & Rosen, 1990). Though studies with human participants are helpful in understanding the connection between cocaine use and maternal neglect, these experiments are correlational. There is a necessary lack of control over many important variables that could confound the results, such as socioeconomic issues, lack of family support, multidrug abuse, and poor general prenatal care (Chasnoff et al., 1998;Koren et al., 1998). Studies that use numerous controls have shown a strong correlation between reported history of child maltreatment and the perpetration of maltreatment and/or neglect in next-generation mothers (Egeland, Jacobvitz, & Papatola, 1987;Hunter, Kilstrom, Kraybill, & Loda, 1978).In order to appropriately investigate and describe the characteristics of cocaine-induced disruption of maternal behavior and potential neglect, as well as possible intergenerational effects of such disruptions, a nonhuman cocaine abuse model offers several advantages. The laboratory rat is a particularly good model for the study of maternal behavior. Their offspring are born blind, unable to thermoregulate, defecate, urinate, or protect themselves from attack (Numan, 1994), thus needing considerable maternal care to survive (Stern, 1997). Behaviorally and neurologically, maternal behavior in the rat has also been relatively well characterized (Numan, 1994;Pedersen, Ascher, Monroe, & Prange, 1982;Pedersen, Caldwell, Walker, Ayers, & Mason, 1994) so that any insult to normal maternal behavior can be easily determined.Maternal separation studies also support a rat intergenerational model of behavior showing that cross-fostering results in behavior of offsp...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Johns¹,

Elliott²,

Hofler³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…First, the duration of gestational cocaine exposure is shorter (E12 through term, compared to E7 through term), and the cocaineexposed pups are not cross-fostered to unexposed dams. It is known that gestational cocaine exposure profoundly impacts maternal behavior, which in turn strongly influences postweanling behavior in exposed offspring (Goodwin et al, 1992;Heyser et al, 1992b;Johns et al, 2005;Lubin et al, 2001). Second, in our study, assignment of mice to conditioning chambers alternated by initial chamber preference (half in preferred/half in non-preferred), while in the study by Estelles et al mice were randomly assigned to the two chambers without reference to the pre-conditioning test data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Prenatal exposure to cocaine alters the development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine in adult mice

Malanga

Pejchal

Kosofsky

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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As addiction is increasingly formulated as a developmental disorder, identifying how early developmental exposures influence later responses to drugs of abuse is important to our understanding of substance abuse neurobiology. We have previously identified behavioral changes in adult mice following gestational exposure to cocaine that differ when assessed with methods employing contingent and non-contingent drug administration. We sought to clarify this distinction using a Pavlovian behavioral measure, conditioned place-preference. Adult mice exposed to cocaine in utero (40 or 20 mg/kg/day), vehicle and pair-fed controls were place-conditioned to either cocaine (5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline injections. The development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine was impaired in mice exposed to cocaine in utero, and was abolished by fetal malnutrition. A context-specific place-aversion to vehicle but not cocaine injection was observed in prenatally cocaine-exposed mice. Locomotor behavior did not differ among prenatal treatment groups. We conclude that early developmental exposure to cocaine may diminish the subsequent rewarding effects of cocaine in adulthood measured with classical conditioning techniques, and that this is not due to changes in locomotor behavior. Sensitivity to acute stress is also altered by prenatal cocaine exposure, consistent with earlier findings in this model.

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“…Research from several laboratories has reported that chronic and acute cocaine treatment alter MA, sometimes in a dose-dependent fashion (Heyser et al 1992;Johns et al 1994bJohns et al , 1998bVernotica et al 1996a;Lubin et al 2001). Chronic cocaine (CC) treatment has been shown to increase MA significantly by PPD six (Johns et al 1994b) and under certain conditions PPD 10 (Heyser et al 1992), while acute treatment has been shown to decrease it (Johns et al 1994b;Vernotica et al 1996b;Johns et al 1998b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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A fostering study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure: I. Maternal behaviors

Cited by 71 publications

References 54 publications

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Prenatal exposure to cocaine alters the development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine in adult mice

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

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