A four-dimensional X-ray tomographic microscopy study of bubble growth in basaltic foam

Baker, Don R.; Brun, Francesco; O’Shaughnessy, Cedrick; Mancini, Lucia; Fife, Julie L.; Rivers, Mark L.

doi:10.1038/ncomms2134

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Recent developments in 3D imaging of the foaming process in situ as well as computational simulation of fluid flow through those pores have constrained the development of permeable networks in magma (e.g., Baker et al, 2012). However, theoretical models of bubble growth are difficult to reconcile with observations of natural erupted products (e.g., Rust and Cashman, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outgassing from Open and Closed Magma Foams

et al. 2017

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During magma ascent, bubbles nucleate, grow, coalesce, and form a variably permeable porous network. The reorganization, failing and sealing of bubble walls may contribute to the opening and closing of the volcanic system. In this contribution we cause obsidian to nucleate and grow bubbles to high gas volume fraction at atmospheric pressure by heating samples to 950 • C for different times and we image the growth through a furnace. Following the experiment, we imaged the internal pore structure of selected samples in 3D and then dissected for analysis of textures and dissolved water content remnant in the glass. We demonstrate that in these high viscosity systems, during foaming and subsequent foam-maturation, bubbles near a free surface resorb via diffusion to produce an impermeable skin of melt around a foam. The skin thickens non-linearly through time. The water concentrations at the outer and inner skin margins reflect the solubility of water in the melt at the partial pressure of water in atmospheric and water-rich bubble conditions, respectively. In this regime, mass transfer of water out of the system is diffusion limited and the sample shrinks slowly. In a second set of experiments in which we polished off the skin of the foamed samples and placed them back in the furnace to allow open system outgassing, we observe rapid sample contraction and collapse of the connected pore network under surface tension as the system efficiently outgasses. In this regime, mass transfer of water is permeability limited. We conclude that diffusion-driven skin formation can efficiently seal connectivity in foams. When rupture of melt film around gas bubbles (i.e., skin removal) occurs, then rapid outgassing and consequent foam collapse modulate gas pressurization in the vesiculated magma. The mechanisms described here are relevant to the evolution of pore network heterogeneity in permeable magmas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outgassing from Open and Closed Magma Foams

et al. 2017

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“…Pore thickness is measured via the concept of the maximal inscribed sphere (cf. Hildebrand and Rüegsegger 1997;Baker et al 2012). This concept is based on the inflation of a sphere centred at a skeleton node, where the inflation continues until the sphere 'touches' the walls of the pore.…”

Section: Vesicle Analyses Of El Hierro Xeno-pumicementioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous vesiculation of 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice revealed by X-ray computed microtomography

et al. 2016

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During the first week of the 2011 El Hierro submarine eruption, abundant light-coloured pumiceous, high-silica volcanic bombs coated in dark basanite were found floating on the sea. The composition of the light-coloured frothy material ('xeno-pumice') is akin to that of sedimentary rocks from the region, but the textures resemble felsic magmatic pumice, leaving their exact mode of formation unclear. To help decipher their origin, we investigated representative El Hierro xeno-pumice samples using X-ray computed microtomography for their internal vesicle shapes, volumes, and bulk porosity, as well as for the spatial arrangement and size distributions of vesicles in three dimensions (3D). We find a wide range of vesicle morphologies, which are especially variable around small fragments of rock contained in the xeno-pumice samples. Notably, these rock fragments are almost exclusively of sedimentary origin, and we therefore interpret them as relicts an the original sedimentary ocean crust protolith(s). The irregular vesiculation textures observed probably resulted from pulsatory release of volatiles from multiple sources during xeno-pumice formation, most likely by successive release of pore water and mineral water during incremental heating and decompression of the sedimentary protoliths.

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“…The first two requirements listed above, and to some extent also the third, are matched by the commercially available pco.Dimax (PCO AG, Germany; https://www.pco.de) fast CMOS detector, which since its introduction in 2008 has enabled many of the spectacular achievements in fast synchrotron-based imaging (Baker et al, 2012;Rack et al, 2013;dos Santos Rolo et al, 2014;Mokso et al, 2015;Finegan et al, 2015;Maire et al, 2016). The use of the pco.Dimax for the investigation of a large number of more complex dynamic phenomena has, however, been hindered so far by two main technical limitations.…”

Section: Prerequisitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional anatomy and biomechanics (Walker et al, 2014) have replaced simple static anatomic studies. Similarly, in materials science, investigating the mechanical deformation of internal structures or looking into geophysical processes have attracted a lot of attention during recent years (Maire et al, 2016;Baker et al, 2012). In general, the limits of spatiotemporal resolution and density sensitivity are improved every year, driven by the needs of new scientific questions and applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GigaFRoST: the gigabit fast readout system for tomography

Mokso¹,

Schlepütz²,

Theidel³

et al. 2017

J Synchrotron Rad

162

100

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Owing to recent developments in CMOS technology, it is now possible to exploit tomographic microscopy at third-generation synchrotron facilities with unprecedented speeds. Despite this rapid technical progress, one crucial limitation for the investigation of realistic dynamic systems has remained: a generally short total acquisition time at high frame rates due to the limited internal memory of available detectors. To address and solve this shortcoming, a new detection and readout system, coined GigaFRoST, has been developed based on a commercial CMOS sensor, acquiring and streaming data continuously at 7.7 GB s À1 directly to a dedicated backend server. This architecture allows for dynamic data pre-processing as well as data reduction, an increasingly indispensable step considering the vast amounts of data acquired in typical fast tomographic experiments at synchrotron beamlines (up to several tens of TByte per day of raw data).

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A four-dimensional X-ray tomographic microscopy study of bubble growth in basaltic foam

Cited by 83 publications

References 37 publications

Outgassing from Open and Closed Magma Foams

Outgassing from Open and Closed Magma Foams

Heterogeneous vesiculation of 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice revealed by X-ray computed microtomography

GigaFRoST: the gigabit fast readout system for tomography

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