A Four Year Analysis of Vegetation Following an Oil Spill in a Freshwater Marsh

Burk, C. John

doi:10.2307/2402563

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Nearly immediate changes to marsh have been noted, especially when exposed to oil during the growing season [82]. Longer-term changes associated with oil exposure were reported by Burk [83], and recent findings point to a longer-term response of marsh associated with oil contained in the sediment [84]. A more thorough examination is required into the relationships between the dramatic 2009 to 2010 marsh structure change, elevated freshwater inputs, the 2009 to 2010 backscatter change, and the combined occurrences of oil exposure and marsh structure change.…”

Section: Applying the Regression Models To Map Marsh Canopy Lai And Ladmentioning

confidence: 85%

Structural Classification of Marshes with Polarimetric SAR Highlighting the Temporal Mapping of Marshes Exposed to Oil

2015

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Abstract:Empirical relationships between field-derived Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Leaf Angle Distribution (LAD) and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) based biophysical indicators were created and applied to map S. alterniflora marsh canopy structure. PolSAR and field data were collected near concurrently in the summers of 2010, 2011, and 2012 in coastal marshes, and PolSAR data alone were acquired in 2009. Regression analyses showed that LAI correspondence with the PolSAR biophysical indicator variables equaled or exceeded those of vegetation water content (VWC) correspondences. In the final six regressor model, the ratio HV/VV explained 49% of the total 77% explained LAI variance, and the HH-VV coherence and phase information accounted for the remainder. HV/HH dominated the two regressor LAD relationship, and spatial heterogeneity and backscatter mechanism followed by coherence information dominated the final three regressor model that explained 74% of the LAD variance. Regression results applied to 2009 through 2012 PolSAR images showed substantial changes in marsh LAI and LAD. Although the direct cause was not substantiated, following a release of freshwater in response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the fairly uniform interior marsh structure of 2009 was more vertical and dense shortly after the oil spill cessation. After 2010, marsh structure generally progressed back toward the 2009 uniformity; however, the trend was more disjointed in oil impact marshes.

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Section: Applying the Regression Models To Map Marsh Canopy Lai And Ladmentioning

confidence: 85%

Structural Classification of Marshes with Polarimetric SAR Highlighting the Temporal Mapping of Marshes Exposed to Oil

2015

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“…The effect of oil spill in a fresh water marsh has been studied to ascertain the diversity of vegetation, total plant cover, total species number, mean number of species per quadrate in both high and mid marsh zones after some years of spillage leading to differences in final and initial species count 40 . Similar study of hydrocarbon disturbance on species count could also be associated with the post remediated Ahia oil-field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Ecological Succession and Regeneration Status of a Post-Remediated Hydrocarbon Impacted Site in Parts of Ahia Oil-Field, in Omudioga, EMOLGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Edu¹,

Edwin-W²,

Obieche³

2015

Insight Ecology

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Background: Several biotic and abiotic factors including the influence of hydrocarbon and inorganic activities on population structure and regeneration of vegetation have been noted as agents of species on ecological succession. Similar studies have also been carried out by many workers in different forest ecosystem, but no information has been generated on this aspect for the post remediated Ahia oil-field under local environmental condition in Rivers State, Nigeria. Objective: Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the post-phytodiversity and regeneration status of post-remediated crude oil impacted site in Ahia oil-field, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: Despite the heterogeneous mosaic nature of secondary vegetation of the study area, a total representative of 67 species under 15 families are recorded with monotypic heterogeneity of life forms in the study site, with various diversity and abundance. The Poaceae among the prevalent dominant families was the most diverse in species richness. The total representative species were establishing through coppicing, seedling and rhizome with greater percentage (42 = 63%) of the species exhibiting multiplier mode while 25 = 37.31% were solitary in regeneration status. Results: The phytosociological index assessment shows that Oldenlandia herbacea, Axonopus compressus and Heterotis rotundifolia had recorded the highest frequency of 50 = 4.65% occurrence, respectively. Axonopus compressus further had the highest abundance of 100 = 6.19%, Importance Value Index of 11.95%, richness of 0.06 and evenness of 0.03 in species diversity. The spatial distribution of species at the study site recorded a contiguous pattern with Oldenlandia herbacea recording the highest distribution pattern. The increase in the herbaceous life form of the study site is an indication of a primary regenerative succession that tends towards a pioneer vegetation array of shrubby and tree species of climax status. Conclusion: The study, therefore provide a complete view of regeneration trend in the study area, which is rich in regenerating species that could result in establishment of a diverse natural forest if protected with special attention to the scope of biodiversity conservation priority.

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“…The reduction in vertical foliar projective coverage of plant community as soil TPH concentration increases was observed in the field from three months (Mendelssohn et al, 1990) to many years (Burk, 1977;Collins et al, 1994) after initial contamination. Controlled experiments and field investigations reveal that the productivity of plant communities is reduced for several months after an oil pollution event , as was evident in our study of the long-term effects (Fig.…”

Section: Composition and Productivity Of The Reed Communitymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, few studies have investigated the potential long-term effects of elevated PH levels on plant community in the field (Culbertson et al, 2008;Hester and Mendelssohn, 2000). PH have been found to lower plant community productivity (Kinako, 1981;Mishra et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2013), simplify their structure (Burk, 1977;Collins et al, 1994;Mendelssohn et al, 1990;Mishra et al, 2012) and reduce their biological diversity (Osuji et al, 2004). This change in community composition depends on the difference in species' sensitivities to PH (Lin and Mendelssohn, 1996;Pezeshki et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change in community composition depends on the difference in species' sensitivities to PH (Lin and Mendelssohn, 1996;Pezeshki et al, 2000). Usually some species with low tolerance to PH were absent in the following growing season (Burk, 1977;Kinako, 1981). Considering the longterm effects of oil pollution on plant communities (especially the biological diversity), the predictive power and sensitivity of community indicators should be directly compared with indicators at other levels to improve risk assessment (Niemeijer and de Groot, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of residual hydrocarbons on the reed community after 10 years of oil extraction and the effectiveness of different biological indicators for the long-term risk assessments

Zhu

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Ecological Indicators

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A Four Year Analysis of Vegetation Following an Oil Spill in a Freshwater Marsh

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Structural Classification of Marshes with Polarimetric SAR Highlighting the Temporal Mapping of Marshes Exposed to Oil

Structural Classification of Marshes with Polarimetric SAR Highlighting the Temporal Mapping of Marshes Exposed to Oil

Monitoring the Ecological Succession and Regeneration Status of a Post-Remediated Hydrocarbon Impacted Site in Parts of Ahia Oil-Field, in Omudioga, EMOLGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Effects of residual hydrocarbons on the reed community after 10 years of oil extraction and the effectiveness of different biological indicators for the long-term risk assessments

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