A fourth dose of Omicron RBD vaccine enhances broad neutralization against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants including BA.1 and BA.2 in vaccinated mice

Zhou, Bing; Song, Shuo; Guo, Huimin; Zhou, Xinrong; Fan, Qing; Liu, Weilong; Cheng, Lin; Ge, Xiangyang; Ju, Bin; Zhang, Zheng

doi:10.1002/jmv.27811

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1a ). In this study, we constructed two pseudotyped BA.4/5 and BA.2.75 viruses based on our previous established methods for Pango lineage A (wild-type, WT) and BA.2 17 – 19 . Then, we measured the neutralizing antibody titers in plasma samples obtained from 34 individuals with BA.2 breakthrough infections (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections

Fan

Wang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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With declining SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and increasing numbers of spike mutations, the ongoing emergence of Omicron subvariants causes serious challenges to current vaccination strategies. BA.2 breakthrough infections have occurred in people who have received the wild-type vaccines, including mRNA, inactivated, or recombinant protein vaccines. Here, we evaluate the antibody evasion of recently emerged subvariants BA.4/5 and BA.2.75 in two inactivated vaccine-immunized cohorts with BA.2 breakthrough infections. Compared with the neutralizing antibody titers against BA.2, marked reductions are observed against BA.2.75 in both 2-dose and 3-dose vaccine groups. In addition, although BA.2 breakthrough infections induce a certain cross-neutralization capacity against later Omicron subvariants, the original antigenic sin phenomenon largely limits the improvement of variant-specific antibody response. These findings suggest that BA.2 breakthrough infections seem unable to provide sufficient antibody protection against later subvariants such as BA.2.75 in the current immunization background with wild-type vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections

Fan

Wang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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“…An in vitro study showed that the second mRNA booster dose induces broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) that are effective against BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3 Omicron subvariants. 56 A UK clinical trial, COV-BOOST, demonstrated similar findings; the second mRNA booster significantly increases both cellular and humoral immunity to a level that is equal to or exceeds the first mRNA booster and is well-tolerated. 57 However, there was also evidence of limited additional boost from the second booster when pre-booster immunity is already high.…”

Section: Evidence For the Second Boostermentioning

confidence: 79%

The Omicron-transformer: Rise of the subvariants in the age of vaccines

Chia

Young

Chia

2022

Ann Acad Med Singap

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Introduction: Omicron is the latest SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, the pathogen that causes COVID-19. Since its emergence in late 2021, Omicron has displaced other circulating variants and caused successive waves of infection worldwide throughout 2022. Omicron is characterised by the rapid emergence of many subvariants and high rates of infection in people with vaccine- and/or infection-induced immunity. This review article will consolidate current knowledge regarding Omicron subvariants, the role of boosters, and future vaccine development. Method: This narrative review is based on a literature search using PubMed. Search terms related to Omicron were used and priority was given to published peer-reviewed articles over pre-prints. Results: Studies indicate that vaccinations and boosters are important to reduce disease severity, hospitalisation and death from Omicron. A variety of factors, such as differing host factors, circulating variants, and forces of infection, can influence the benefit of repeated booster administration. Next-generation bivalent vaccines have now been approved in some countries including Singapore and have demonstrated the ability to induce broad variant protection. Future third-generation vaccines involving mucosal vaccines and/or pan-sarbecovirus vaccines may provide broader and longer-lasting protection. Conclusion: Due to current high levels of vaccine- and infection-induced immunity, it is likely that rates of severe illness, hospitalisation, and death due to Omicron will continue to moderate. Nevertheless, the virus is ever-changing, and public health policies, especially those related to vaccinations, will also have to continually evolve and adapt as COVID-19 transitions to endemicity. Keywords: Booster, COVID-19, infectious diseases, Omicron, vaccine

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“…The hybrid-immunity group consisted of recovered patients who received different numbers of vaccine doses, including 105 individuals with one dose, 160 individuals with two doses, and 136 individuals with three doses. A total of 833 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, including WIBP-CorV (360, 43.22%), BBIBP-CorV (142, 17.05%), CoronaVac (307, 36.85%), and KCONVAC 26 (24, 2.88%), were used to vaccinate 401 recovered patients. These four inactivated vaccines were all developed based on the SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain, sharing similar production techniques in which all the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine strains were cultured in Vero cells, inactivated by β-propiolactone, and mixed with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant 16 , 27 – 29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan

Hong¹,

Nian

et al. 2022

Cell Discov

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The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

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A fourth dose of Omicron RBD vaccine enhances broad neutralization against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants including BA.1 and BA.2 in vaccinated mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections

Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections

The Omicron-transformer: Rise of the subvariants in the age of vaccines

COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan

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