A framework for and assessment of demand response and energy storage in power systems

Oldewurtel, Frauke; Borsche, Theodor; Bucher, Matthias; Fortenbacher, Philipp; Vayá, Marina González; Häring, Tobias; Mathieu, Johanna L.; Mégel, Olivier; Vrettos, Evangelos; Andersson, Göran

doi:10.1109/irep.2013.6629419

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A minority of the works uses a technology-neutral way of assessing the value of flexibility. For example, [17] provides a unified framework for assessing different types of DR and storage qualitatively. A quantitative technology-neutral approach is presented by Eyer & Corey [18] and Miranda et al [6].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flexibility parameter set is highly simplified with respect to specific technologies, but provides a generic description of a broad range of technologies that is useful for estimating the value of flexibility. The flexibility limit u per trading interval δt, the duration of the energy block that can be bought or sold in a specific market, is mainly determined by the power rating P , but also affected by factors as the activation time, ramp rate, local network constraints (such as peak limit and inrush constraints) and response frequency [17]. In our simplified model, we…”

Section: A Flexibility Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computing the value of flexibility in electricity retail, ahead and balancing markets

Veen

Kaisers

2016

2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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Abstract-Renewable generation of energy is becoming more affordable, and is therefore increasingly adopted to match local demand. In addition, storage and demand response solutions have reached the market, which provides flexibility and thereby facilitates intelligent energy management. It has been suggested that this bottom-up flexibility should contribute to the balancing of the future smart grid, but financial incentives have so far been elusive. This article presents computations that assess the profitability of intelligent energy management for three different value propositions: increasing self-sufficiency under typical retail tariffs, or participating in ahead or balancing market price fluctuations, specifically in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy. First, an upper bound valuation of flexibility is computed from 2013 market data. Second, a technology-neutral profit analysis is proposed and demonstrated on selected technologies. Our simulations indicate the highest value for flexibility in the Dutch and German imbalance markets (7.7 & 9.4 ec/kWh) and the Dutch reserve market (10.4 ec/kWh), and for small prosumers in the German and Italian retail markets (12 & 10 ec/kWh). Results indicate that there is sufficient value in demand response if activation costs are sufficiently low, which innovative tariffs should exploit to provide incentives for bottom-up balancing of the future smart grid.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Flexibility Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computing the value of flexibility in electricity retail, ahead and balancing markets

Veen

Kaisers

2016

2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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“…A related approach proposed in [44] involves each device calculating the price directly from the grid frequency, and the authors argue that a well-chosen design for the controller and frequency-price coupling may prevent possible oscillations and instabilities. However, the drawbacks of price-based demand response, as remarked upon in [27], are the potential for synchronisation and the exposure of customers to price volatility, which could prevent sufficient participation for success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stability Analysis of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Control

Webborn

MacKay

2017

Complexity

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Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are a flexible demand resource with the potential to play a significant role in supporting electricity grid operation. We model a large number of identical TCLs acting autonomously according to a deterministic control scheme to provide frequency response as a population of coupled oscillators. We perform stability analysis to explore the danger of the TCL temperature cycles synchronising: an emergent phenomenon often found in populations of coupled oscillators and predicted in this type of demand response scheme. We take identical TCLs as it can be assumed to be the worst case. We find that the uniform equilibrium is stable and the fully synchronised periodic cycle is unstable, suggesting that synchronisation might not be as serious a danger as feared. Then detailed simulations are performed to study the effects of a population of frequency-sensitive TCLs acting under real system conditions using historic system data. The potential reduction in frequency response services required from other providers is determined, for both homogeneous and heterogeneous populations. For homogeneous populations, we find significant synchronisation, but very minimal diversity removes the synchronisation effects. In summary, we combine dynamical systems stability analysis with large-scale simulations to offer new insights into TCL switching behaviour.

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“…Nevertheless, numerous types of loads or pools of loads have been identified as suitable for providing regulation services, including thermally controllable loads [4], interruptible industrial and domestic loads [5], and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [6]. [7] proposes a framework to study which resources are most suitable for each type of service. Building Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems are more complex than most other systems considered since they are composed of numerous interacting subsystems and have many operational constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration of buildings providing frequency regulation services in the Swiss market

Gorecki

Fabietti

Jones

2017

Energy and Buildings

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This paper investigates the potential of commercial buildings to offer ancillary services to the grid. We consider a tracking procurement inspired by secondary frequency control, where the resource needs to commit to a nominal consumption profile ahead of time and then receives a power consumption deviation around this profile. We propose a model-based predictive scheme which formally assesses the amount of power flexibility that can be offered by the resource and of attaining the best trade-off between comfort and financial gain during real-time operation by adjusting the nominal power consumption with a delay, in accordance to the regulations of the Swiss energy market. Extensive simulation results highlight how the possibility to perform adjustments on the scheduled energy profile is of paramount importance for both maintaining comfortable operational conditions and offering larger tracking flexibility. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by means of full-day experiments in an occupied office space.

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A framework for and assessment of demand response and energy storage in power systems

Cited by 50 publications

References 83 publications

Computing the value of flexibility in electricity retail, ahead and balancing markets

Computing the value of flexibility in electricity retail, ahead and balancing markets

A Stability Analysis of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Control

Experimental demonstration of buildings providing frequency regulation services in the Swiss market

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